CHAP, vii.] SPECIAL MUSCULAR MECHANISMS. 661 



EXPLOSIVES. Labials, without voice, P. 



with voice, B. 



Dentals, without voice, T. 



with voice, D. 



Gutturals, without voice, K (hard C). 



with voice, G (hard). 



ASPIRATES. Labials, without voice, F. 



with voice, V. 



Dentals, without voice, L. 



S. (soft C),Sh,Th (hard). 



with voice, Z, Zh (in azure, the 



French j),Th(soft). 



Gutturals, without voice, CH (as in loch). 



with voice, GH (as in lough}. 



RESONANTS. Labial, ; M. 



Dental, N. 



Guttural, NG. 



VIBRATORY. Labial, not known in European speech. 

 Dental, R (common). 

 Guttural, R (guttural). 



Whispering is speech without any employment of the vocal 

 cords, and is effected chiefly by the lips and tongue. Hence in 

 whispering the distinction between consonants needing and those 

 not needing voice, such as B and P, becomes for the most part lost. 



