OCEANIC CIRCULATION. 247 



tively fundamental facts to which attention has been 

 invited. 



And here I would remark that one who writes so 

 much and so often as I have had occasion to do on this 

 and kindred subjects, is placed to some degree at a 

 disadvantage. He cannot, on the one hand, assume 

 that the readers of any particular essay have also read 

 all that he has written on the subject ; yet, on the 

 other, he cannot assume that none have done so, and 

 that he is therefore free to repeat (in a more or less 

 modified form) much that he has formerly urged. I 

 was, perhaps, somewhat too careful in writing for your 

 pages to avoid touching at any length on any parts of 

 the subject which I had more particularly dealt with 

 elsewhere ; and accordingly I have laid myself open to 

 a method of attack, which in reality involves the sug- 

 gestion that I have written without due consideration 

 even of the elements of my subject. I have no doubt 

 that Dr. Carpenter has no wish to imply this directly, 

 yet indirectly it is implied in every paragraph of his 

 reply. I shall be able to show, however, that every one 

 of the points touched on by Dr. Carpenter had been 

 fully considered by me and, for the most part, several 

 months before he had turned his attention to this 

 subject. 



First, there is the remark that I have left out of 

 view the circumstance that if there is excess of evapo- 

 ration in the intertropical area, the excess ought to 

 show itself, as in the Mediterranean, in an increase of 

 specific gravity, whereas the specific gravity of the 



