CAEDUACEAE. 101 



Filaments as long as the corolla or longer : leaves with manifest distinction between 

 blade and petiole ; blades toothed all around. 1. V. ruflduhim. 



Filaments much shorter than the corolla : leaves without distinc- 

 tion between blade and petiole ; blades entire or somewhat 

 crenate near the apex. 

 Drupelets less than 9 mm. long, the stone turgid-suborbicular : 



leaf-blades narrow. 2. V. obovatum. 



Drupelets over 9 mm. long, the stone flat, oblong-obovate : 



leaf-blades broad. 3. V. Nashii. 



1. V. rufidulum Eaf. Small tree or shrub : leaf-blades thick, oblong or elliptic, 

 or nearly so, serrate, 4-10 cm. long: corolla 7-10 mm. wide: drupes broadly 

 oblong, 10-14 mm. long, deep-blue under the bloom. 



The Southern black-haw grows in woods and thickets in northern Florida 

 and the adjacent part of the peninsula. The brown or red-tinged wood is close- 

 grained, heavy, and hard. (Cont.) 



2. V. obovatum Walt. Small tree or shrub: leaf-blades oblanceolate, cuneate, 

 or obovate, 1.5-6 cm. long, entire or slightly toothed near the apex: corolla 5-6 

 mm. wide: filaments scarcely equalling the corolla-tube: drupes oval, 6-8 mm. 

 long, black. 



The Small-viburnum grows in river-swamps in northern Florida and in the 

 peninsula as far south as the Everglade region. The brownish wood is close- 

 grained, rather heavy, and hard. (Cont.) 



3. V. Nashii Small. Small tree or shrub: leaf -blades suborbicular or broadly 

 obovate to spatulate, 4-5 em. long, more or less crenate: drupes oblong, 10-12 

 mm. long, black. 



Nash's-vibdrnum grows in river-swamps in western Florida. The wood has not 

 yet been studied. {Endemic.) 



Order CARDUALES. 



Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaves mainly alternate : blades entire, 

 toothed, or divided. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, few or 

 many aggregated on a receptacle and surrounded with an involucre, or 

 the involucre rarely obsolete. Calyx one or two rows of bristles, scales, a 

 mere border or crown, or obsolete, or wanting. Corolla of several more 

 or less united petals, or wanting. Androecium of usually 5 stamens, the 

 anthers converging, or united. Gynoecium mostly of 2 united carpels. 

 Ovary inferior. Styles or stigmas mostly 2. Fruit an achene. 



Family 1. CAEDUACEAE. Thistle Family. 

 Herbs or rarely shrubs or trees. Flowers borne in heads, the marginal 

 ones commonly differing from the central ones in having a 1-sided, more 

 or less elongate corolla limb. Pappus usually present and often con- 

 spicuous. 



1. BACCHABIS L. Shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades leathery, entire or 

 toothed. Heads dioecious, often clustered, discoid. Involucres ovoid to cam- 

 panulate, many-flowered: bracts of the staminate involucre smaller than those 

 of the pistillate. Corollas various, those of the staminate with a funuelform 

 throat and a long tube, the lobes lanceolate: those of the pistillate flowers fili- 

 form. Pappus of the staminate flowers shorter than that of the pistillate. 



Heads in peduncled paniclcd clusters : inner bracts of the pistillate involucre acute. 



1. /{. hiiUmi folia. 

 Heads in sessile or nearly sessile axillary clusters : inner 

 bracts of the pistillate involucre obtuse. 2. B. glomcruUflora. 



