166 Landscape Gardening 



fertilization, and then remove the old trees as soon as the 

 new ones have made growth enough to serve the desired 

 purpose of ornamentation. 



Preserving and Improving Deciduous Trees 



In some cases deciduous trees may be found that by 

 severely heading in, as in Fig. 24, at the dotted lines a, in 

 a few years will become symmetrical and well-formed trees, 

 as in Fig. 20. Such trees as the elm, oak, maple, and many 

 others are very easily renewed in this way, but the ever- 

 greens when once they have lost their lower branches can 

 never be renovated without great expense and loss of time. 



Renewing Shrubs and Hedges 



Overgrown shrubs may be more easily renewed than large 

 trees, as they will stand more severe pruning. If very 

 much overgrown and in clumps, a part of the main clump 



'a 



FIG. 60. FIG. 61. FIG. 62. 



FIGS. 60-62. A Shrub Divided and Pruned for Transplanting. 



may be dug up and the remainder severely headed back, 

 when a wholly new top will be formed. This is illustrated 

 in Figs. 60 and 61. If the soil be then enriched and a little 

 pinching in of the strong-growing branches that tend to out- 

 grow the others be done during the summer, bushes of large 

 size may be made in a very short time to take perfect form, 

 and often with far less labor and expense than if yqurig 



