332 Landscape Gardening 



not far from the surface, often nearly J of an inch in diameter 

 and sometimes girdling the tree. As many as twenty have 

 been found in a single tree. 



Remedy. The only effectual remedy is to dig the borers 

 out before they have done much harm, i.e., the first fall or 

 following spring after the eggs are laid. This may be very 

 easily done with little or no injury to the tree. The bark 

 should be carefully scraped and after a few days the surface 

 carefully examined, when the exuded dust or chips will 

 enable one to quickly detect the location of the borer. If 

 the insects have already done serious harm to the tree, all 

 holes or channels made by them should be filled up with 

 putty, grafting-wax, or a thick paint. Possibly the paint- 

 ing of the trunk with lime or Portland-cement wash con- 

 taining Paris green or arsenate of lead at the rate of 4 ounces 

 to the gallon may prove effectual in destroying many of 

 the larvae as they work their way into the tree. 



Canker-worms (Anisopteryx pometaria and Palceacrita 

 vernata), Figs. 180 and 181. These insects extend over a 

 wide area of the country, and are very injurious to the elm, 

 apple, and some other trees. The male (a) insect is a grayish 

 moth of about J inch stretch of wings and flies in the night, 

 while the female (b) has no wings. The female crawls up the 

 tree and lays its eggs in clusters on the branches during the 

 night at any time from October i5th to April i$th when the 

 ground is not frozen and in warm, moist nights. The eggs 

 hatch out about the time the buds unfold, and unless 

 destroyed the larvae soon eat all of the leaves but the skele- 

 ton and midrib, giving the trees the appearance as of a fire 

 having burned off the foliage. For the past ten years this 

 pest has done very little injury, but has again made its 

 appearance and many cases of large injury have been re- 

 ported the past season. 



Remedy. The remedy so generally used of putting bands 



