2IO 



INSECT LIFE. 



be carefully labeled with the name of the plant and 

 the date of collecting the specimen. 



There are certain flies and beetles the larvas of 

 which are leaf-miners, but the great majority of the 

 insects that live in this way are larvae of minute 

 moths, which belong to the superfamily Tineina 

 (Tin-e-i^na) ; these are commonly called Tirieids {Tin'- 

 e-ids). 



GALLS AND GALL-INSECTS. 



There occur on the leaves, stems, or roots of very 

 many species of plants abnormal growths caused by 

 insects; these are termed galls. Among the more 

 familiar examples of galls are the various kinds of 



Fig. 178.— An oak leaf bearing oak-apples. The larger one is represented 



cut open. 



oak-apples, of which a common one is illustrated by 

 Fig. 178. 



