VARIETIES OF MANKIND. 433 



arriving at maturity, and, in proportion to his size, he lives the 

 longest of all mammalia ; he only procreates at every season, 

 and, while in celibacy, experiences nocturnal emissions. None 

 but the human female menstruates. 



Man, thus distinguished from all other terrestrial beings, evi- 

 dently constitutes a separate species : — Fact harmonizes with the 

 Mosaic account of his distinct creation. For " a species com- 

 prehends all the individuals which descend from each other, as 

 from a common parent, and those which resemble them as much 

 as they do each other ;" and no brute bears such a resemblance 

 to man.* 



He is subject, however, to great variety, so great indeed that 

 some writers have contended that several races of men must have 

 been originally created. We shall now examine the principal of 

 these varieties. 



The most generally approved division of man- 

 kind is that of Blumenbach.f He makes five varieties 5 the 

 Caucasian, Mongolian, Ethiopian, American, and Malay. The 

 following are the characteristics of each. 



1. The Caucasian. The skin white} the cheeks red, — almost 

 a peculiarity of this variety ; the hair of a nut brown, running 

 on the one hand into yellow and on the other into black, soft, 

 long, and undulating. 



The head extremely symmetrical, rather globular ; the fore- 

 head moderately expanded ; the cheek bones narrow, not pro- 

 minent, directed downwards from the Malar process of the supe- 

 rior maxillary bone ; the alveolar edge round ; the front teeth of 

 each jaw placed perpendicularly. 



The face oval and pretty straight ; its parts moderatly distinct j 

 the nose narrow and slightly aquiline, or at least its dorsum 



it, and I think justly, by the two-fold operation of our intellect (1. c. § 18. p. 54) 

 and of the more accommodating nature of our frame (1. c. § 17.). 



* Cuvier, Discours Priliminqire uux richerchet sur les ossemens Fossiles des 

 Quadrwphdes. 



f 1. c. Sect. IV. 



2 F 



