Through Ruanda to Lake Kiwu 45 



Ruanda. Two small properties, Kagera, on the Mashiga, and 

 Berg-frieden, at the southern end of Lake Kiwu, bear witness to 

 his enthusiasm for this strip of territory. With his name that 

 of Captain Grawert may well and worthily be mentioned, the 

 latter having represented the Residency for ten years, until the 

 separation of Urundi and Ruanda made a new administration 

 necessary. Grawert filled his difficult post with diplomatic 

 adroitness and great circumspection, and he had a masterly way 

 of bringing the natives — who at first were somewhat refractory — 

 under the control of the German Government. 



Ruanda is doubtless, with the exception of Urandi, the last 

 Sultanate or " Kingdom " in Central Africa which is governed 

 to-day, as in centuries gone by, by a prince clothed with absolute 

 and illimitable powers. There is only one ruler, and no rival 

 sultans are allowed. 



The administration in Ruanda differs in many important 

 respects from that of the Bukoba province. It has been seen 

 that in Bukoba there are a large number of sultans who enjoy, 

 more or less, equal rights and privileges. The greatest possible 

 centralisation is aimed at, for it is naturally easier to control and 

 keep in hand the fewer number of snltans (known in the Bukoba 

 province as " Mukatna " [prince]) ; the Resident stationed there 

 has consequently made it his object gradually to decrease their 

 number, either by breaking the succession or by compounding 

 with them. The existing sultans bow willingly to the supremacy 

 of the Government, and even upon trifling matters often ask for 

 a ruling from the Resident. All the personal concerns of the 

 sultans pass through his hands. The administration of justice 

 in ordinary matters is in the hands of the sultans, but sentences 

 of death and other heavy penalties are inflicted by the Resident, 

 who at the same time has the power to intervene in smaller 

 matters. 



There are many interesting points of difference between 

 Ruanda and Urundi, but at present we shall deal only with the 

 former province. There, nearly a century after the foundation 

 of Bukoba, many far more thickly populated and less explored 



