INDEX 



353 



N 

 Nais, Tj 



" Native Guano" process, i6o 

 Nesslerizing, 35, 45 

 Night-soil, 10 

 Nitrates, 16, 17, 99, 100 



,, addition to effluents, 179, 276 



,, determination of, 43 



,, in soil, 124 

 Nitrification, 58, 68, 77, 121, 202, 232, 251, 



317 

 Nitrifying organisms, 66, 77 



,, trays, 65, 268 

 Nitrites, 16, 17, 49 



,, determination of, 44 

 ,, as oxygen carriers, 119 

 Nitrogen, disappearance of, 99, 220 



,, dissolved, 50 



,, forms of, 30, 59 



,, gain of, 231 



,, loss of, 58, 106, 119, 126, 222, 330 



,, production of free, 119, 126 



,, organic, 28, 59 



,, oxygen required to oxidize, 121 



,, determination of, 45 



,, ratios, 30, 59 



,, restoration to the land, 33 

 Nitrobacter, 76, loi 

 Nitrosification, 68, ii8 

 Nitrosomonas, 76, loi, 118 

 Nitrous oxide, production of, 126, 127 

 Nobbe's solution for plant food, 332 

 Nuisance actions, 188, 341 

 Nutrient media for bacteria. 62, 123 



O 

 Obligate aerobes and anaerobes, 64, 72 

 Odour, removing, 168. 174, 180, 181, 341 

 Odours from sewage, 80, 173, 318 



from organisms, 80, 82 

 Oldham sewage, 12 

 One-acre filter at Barking, 98, 211 

 Organic acids, 107, T09 

 Organisms, larger, effecting purification, 77 

 , , causing odours, 80 



, , methods of counting number of, 



63 

 Oscillaria, 80, 83 

 Osier beds, 140 



Oswestry, Sutton system at, 223 

 Outfalls, position of, 316 

 Overflows, storm-water, 315 

 Oxidation by manganese compounds, 179 



ratios, 30 

 Oxidizing agents, 56, 177, 179, 192, 194 

 Oxychlorides, 185-190 

 Oxydases, no 

 Oxygen, available, 16, 130 



,, consumed or absorbed, determina- 

 tion of, 37 

 ,, consumed process, criticism of, 37 

 ,, ,, ., modifications 



of. 39 

 ,, dissolved, 47, 48, 189 

 ,, liberated from manganates and 



permanganates, 177 

 ,, required for nitrification, 121 

 Oxynile process, 179 

 Oysters, 21, 170, 320-322 

 Ozone, 194 



P 

 Pail system, 10 

 Paper dissolved anaerobically, no 



Paris, disposal of dust, 197 

 ,, pollution of Seine at, 4 

 ,, treatment of sewage at, 143 



Pasteur's researches, 65, 202 



Pasteur-Chamberland filter for sterilizing, 

 68, 70, 329 



Pathogenic organisms, 75, 84, 100, 186, 



215. 327 

 Pavements, 6, 181 



Peat and peaty matters {see Humus) 

 Penicillium glaucum, 114 

 Peptones, 62 

 Permanganate alkaline, 36 



test, 37 

 Permanganates, use of, for sewage, 176 

 Peroxide of chlorine, 192 



,, of manganese, 178 

 Per-salts of iron {see Ferric Salts) 

 Petri dish, 62, 63, 67 

 Phenol derivatives, too, 107, no 



,, in cultivations, 67 

 Phenylacetic acid, 174 

 Phosphates in sewage, 41, 200, 332 

 Pipe lines, 21, 148, 317 

 Plants, on sewage farms, 137, 194, 333 



,, water, 78 

 Plate cultures, 62 

 Ploughing in, 135, 154 

 Pneumatic control {see Adams) 



,, disposal of sewage, Liernur's, 



194 

 . , emptying of cesspools, 3 



Podura aquatica, 78 

 Polarite, 227, 322 

 Pollution of rivers (see Rivers) 

 Pollution of drinking water and wells, 3, 8, 



10 

 Population per acre of land, 147 

 Potassium in sewage, 41, 332 

 Precipitation before application to land, 146 



„ chemical, 155 



Pressing sludge, 166 

 Primary beds, 216 

 Privies, 8 



Proteus vulgaris and other species, 73, 74 

 Proto-salts of iron {see Ferrous) 

 Protozoa, 84 

 Ptomaines, 93, 108 

 Pumping sewage, 152, 201 

 Putrefaction, theories of, 95, 202 

 Pyrolusite, 178 



Q 

 Quality of sewages, 28, 311 

 Quantities excreted daily, 40, 54, 331 

 Quantity of land required. 147 



Rainfall, 6, 27, 148, 310 

 Rathmines, 20, 316 

 Recovery of grease, 335 



,, of manganese, 179 



of waste products {see Utilization) 

 "Reduction" of refuse, 198 

 Refuse, as filtering material, 223 

 ,, classification of, 5, 199 



destruction and disposal, 196 

 trade, 55. 199. 312, 335 

 Regulations {see Local Government Board 

 and By-laws) 

 ,, of Massachusetts Board, 7 



Reversible reactions, 104 

 Retting of flax, in 



23 



