FISHES. 32] 



an Jt^^'?^^ t^' ^^^^ *-^ ^^^- «^ ^^^b-ds, four extcn.ai 

 The four external (Nos. 30, 30) are inserted into the back of the 



tn JJ'TM''"'''^''' '''''^ the superior part of the apparatus, and draw it 

 owards the cranium ; at the same time, the external car y the arches 

 torwards, and dilate the intervals of the branchiae 



A second fasciculus is attached to the cranium, behind the depressor 

 muscle of the operculum, and is connected to the extrenii y of the 

 mastoidean bone. wmm) oi tiu 



It is composed of two ribbands, an anterior one (No. 32) which 

 wVf'^.i '7'"''':' PfT «f *h^f«-^•th arch, more outwards than he 

 mo qS 1 ,T'^-^*^'P'''f^^"^^^^^^^ «^d a posterior one 



(No 33) which termmates in the tissue of the pharyni, behind the 

 third superior pharyngean. J^'iniu. uie 



ofThc'fitr*''''' '^^ ''"' '''""'' ^'""P ''' "^^^'^y ^^^ ^'^'^^^ '-^^ those 

 Ki"^ /at'"^ !f'''?''^V^^«"^ists of one muscle only, which is consider 

 ab e (No. 41 pi. ^a. fig iv.) and which commences at the intent a^ui 

 posterior bon er of the third superior pharyngean, and passing acros 

 the^fi^bresofthephaiynx, proceeds obliquely^o attach itself to the 



This muscle carries the entire apparatus backwards, raising it at 

 the same time as the two preceeding fasciculi 



The superior part of the second arch has a particular muscle 

 attached to the side of the basd of the cranium, near^ly L"he iimct'on 

 of the great wing with the Basilar, and which passing horizm taliw" 

 inserted into the arch before the insertion of !he exlrn' fa cTc ], 

 which this arch receives from the first fasciculus t^^^iculu^ 



The action of this muscle is to draw the two rows of arches nearer 

 to each other, and to the axis of the base of the cranium in whch 

 they are seconded by the transverse muscles proper to thr;p arat ' 

 which we shall describe by and bye. tne appaiatus. 



Three muscles act on the apparatus by means of the inferior uh-i 

 ryngean m which they are inserted '"kuoi pna- 



tbP^"7^ *J'"' ^^''- ^i^ "''"'"' ^^"^^^ '^'' ^^^P^^-i"^- '-^^•est of the body of 

 i neet r t ff ' 'V^^' '^' '''''''''''' ^^ '^'' ^^'^^ l^t^^'^l muscular " ? 

 pioceeds to the pharyngean ascending obliquely behind- and draw 



s^rrtr^ '--'-^ -^^ - - la^nistto tha^-^i:!;^- 



ns middle part, and it goes almost horizontally ; No'. 36 lowers t]^ 

 apparatus by drawing it backwards; No. 37 simply dra vs i Wk 



The pericardium, and the heart, are placed between (J ee three 

 muscles, and their fellows on the opposite side 

 J^'^''^''f,^}^\P'-''V^'^^^^'^^PV^r^tns, are the transverse -ind tJie 

 oblique. The latter amount on the inferior surface to the 'mniber 



VOL. II. 



