180 MAMMALIA. 



inhabited all the temperate parts of Europe. It is the largest 

 quadruped proper to Europe. 



B. bison, L. ; B. americanus, Gm. ; Buff. Supp. Ill, v. ; F. Cuv. 

 Mammif. (The Bison of America, or Buffalo of the Anglo-Arae- 

 cans). The bony head very similar to that of the Aurochs, and 

 covered like it, the neck and shoulders also, with frizzled wool, 

 which becomes very long in winter ; but its legs, and particularly its 

 tail, are shorter. Inhabits all the temperate parts of North America. 

 Crosses with cows. 



B. bubalus, L. ; Buff. XI. xxv. ; Wild Ox of Arachosia of Aris- 

 totle. (The Buffalo). Originally from India, and brought into 

 Egypt, Greece, and Italy, during the middle century; has a convex 

 forehead, higher than wide, the horns directed sideways, and marked 

 in front by a longitudinal ridge. This animal is subdued with diffi- 

 culty, but is extremely powerful, and prefers the marshy grounds and 

 coarse plants on which the Ox could not live. Its milk is good, and 

 the hide very strong, but the flesh is not esteemed. 



There is a race of them in India, whose horns include a space of 

 ten feet from tip to tip : it is called Ami in Hindostan, and is the 

 Bos ami of Shaw. 



B. frontalis, Lambert, Linn. Trans. VII. pi. 4; and F. Cuv. 

 Mammif. (The Gyall or Jengle Ox). Resembles the domestic Ox 

 in the greater part of its characters, but its horns are flattened from 

 before backwards, and are without angular ridges. They are di- 

 rected sideways and more or less upwards, but not backwards. The 

 hair is short and black, except on the forehead, and on a line along 

 the back, where it is grey or faun-coloured, and on the legs, where 

 it is white. It is a domestic race in the mountain districts of the 

 north-west of India, and which is perhaps descended from a cross 

 between the Buffalo and the common species. 



B. grunniens, Pall. ; Grunting Cow of Tartary, &c. ; Sch. 

 CCXCIX. A. B. (The Yack, or Horse-tailed Bufi'alo). A small 

 species, with the tail completely covered with long hairs like that of 

 the Horse, and a long mane on the back. Its head appears to re- 

 semble that of the Buffalo, but the horns have not been sufficiently 

 described. This animal, of which jElian has spoken, is originally 

 from the mountains of Thibet. Its tail constitutes the standards 

 still used by the Turks to distinguish the superior officers. 



B. caffer, Sparm. ; Schr. CCCI. (The Cape Buffalo). Very 

 large horns, directed sideways and downwards, ascending from the 

 point, flattened, and so wide at their base that they nearly cover the 

 forehead, merely leaving between them a triangular space, the apex 

 of which is above. It is a very large animal, of an excessively 

 ferocious disposition, inhabiting the woods of Caffraria. 



B. moschatus, Gm. ; Schr. CCCII. ; La Tete, Buff. Supp. VI. 

 iii. (The Musk Ox of America). The horns approximated and 

 directed as the preceding, but meeting on the forehead in a straight 

 line; those of the female are smaller and more widely separated; 



