PASSERINE. 241 



Hofraansegg and Illigcr, with equal propriety, separate from the crown- 

 birds 



Procnias, H of man. 



The commissure of whose bill, which is weaker and more depressed, 

 extends under the eye. They inhabit America, and feed on insects. 

 We may subdivide them still more. 



The Procnias, properly so called, have the throat furnished with fea- 

 thers. 



One species, Ampelis carunculata, Gm., Enl. 793, is distinguish- 

 ed by a long, soft caruncle on the base of the bill. In the perfect 

 state it is white, at all other times greenish. 

 The AvERANOS (Casmarhynchos, Tem.) are ProcnicK with a naked 

 throat. 



In one species, the naked portion of the male's throat is covered 

 with fleshy caruncles. It is the Averano of Buff. IV. p. 457 ; Amp. 

 variegata, Lin.; Col. 51. 



Another, Procn. araponga, Pr. Max. Col. 368, and 383, or Cas- 

 mar ecarunculatus, Spix, 4, only has some very small, thinly scatter- 

 ed feathers in that place. These birds are white in their perfect 

 state ; the young male and the female are greenish. 

 Finally, directly after the crown-birds should come 



Gymnoderus, Geoff. 



In which the bill is only a very little stronger ; but the neck is partly naked, 

 and the head covered with velvet feathers. The species known is also from 

 South America. It is mostly frugivorous, is of the size of a pigeon, black, 

 with bluish wings ; it is the Gracula nudicollis, Sh, ; the Corvus nudus 

 and the Gracula fetida, Gm. Enl, 609*. 



EDOLlusf , CtiV. 



Belong also to the great series of the Fly-catchers ; the bill is depressed 

 and emarginate at the end ; its upper ridge is acute ; but what distin- 

 guishes it is, that both mandibles are slightly arcuated throughout their 

 length ; the nostrils are covered with feathers, and there are, besides, long 

 hairs forming mustachios. 



The species are numerous in the countries bordering on the In- 

 dian Ocean. They are generally of a black hue, have a forked tail, 

 and live on insects; some of them, it is said, sing as sweetly as the 

 Nightingale i;. 



* The species of Vaill., Ois. de TAmeriq. et des Indes, pi. xlv. and xlvi. is, per- 

 haps, different. 



N. B. Vieillot unites Graculus, Gymnoderus, and Ceplialopterus, in his genus Co- 



RACINA. 



t Vieillot has preferred the name of Dicrurus. 



+ Species. Lanius forficatns, Gm., Enl. 189, Vaill. Afr. IV. 166, and Vieill. Gal. 

 141. — Lanius malaharicus, Shaw, Vaill. IV. 175, Sonnerat, Voy. aux Indes et a la 

 Chine, pi. xcvii, which is also the Cnculus paradiseiis, Briss. IV. pi. xiv. A. 1. — La- 

 nius ccerulescens, Gm., Edw., pi. xlvi. Vaill. Afr. IV. 172. — Corvus balicasshis, Gm., 



