PASSERIN.E. 24a 



Some of these birds appear to approach the Shrikes in habits, although 

 there is nothing in the form of their bill which can distinguish them from 

 other Thrushes*. 



There are no sensible characters by which we can distinguish certain 

 African Thrushes, which live in flocks, as numerous and noisy as Star- 

 lings; feed on insects, and do much mischief in gardens. Several of 

 them are remarkable for the brilliant tints of their plumage, which is of 

 a browned steel colourf , and one of the former, for its cuneiform tail, 

 which is one-third longer than the body|. 



We consider it proper to approximate to it the Thrush of New 

 Guinea, whose tail is three times the length of the body, and has a 

 double tuft on the head, which has been considered a Bird of Para- 

 dise — Paradiscea gularis, Lath, and Shaw; Par. nigra, Gmel. ; 

 Vaill. Ois. de Par. 20 and 21 ; Vieill. Ois. de Par. pi. viii. and 

 Galer. 107, but only on account of the singularity and the incom- 

 parable magnificence of its plumage§. 



Add, of species foreign to Europe, with the breast or under part of the body spot- 

 ted: T. nifus. Gm., Enl. 645, and Vieill. Am. 59.— T.fuscatus, Vieill. Am. 57, bis.— 

 T. minor, Gm , or T. mustelinus, Wils., or Gr. tannee, or Gr. solitaire, Vieill. Am. 62 

 and ^Z.— Linlerpres, Kuhl., Col. 458. 



With the throat only spotted, at least in the adult, T. migratorius, L. Enl. 556; 

 Catesb. 29; Vieill. Am. 60, 61.— T. ocrocephalus, Col. 136.— T. plumbeus, Enl. 560, 

 Vieill. Am. 58.-7'. Fukhmdiee, T.— T. olivaceus, Gm.— The grivron, Vaill. Afr. 98. 

 — T. campestris, Pr. Max. 



With the flaulvs only spotted, T. puncfatus, Sh. Zool. N. Holl. I. pi. ix, which is the 

 genus CiNCLOsoMA, Vig. and Horsf., Lin. Trans. XV. p. 219. 



Of those foreign birds not spotted underneath, T. brasiliensis, Lath. — T. perspicil- 

 latus. — T. melcaioiis, or Reclamcur of Vaill., or T. vociferans, Zool. 111. 179. — T, 

 nceviiis, Vieill. Am. 66.— T. lividus, or Chathird of Wils. 14, 2.— T. citrinus, Tem. 

 Col. 445.— r. rubripes, Id. 409. — T. leucogaster, Enl. 648, 1.— T. madagascariensis, 

 Enl. 557, \.—T. australasia;, Sh. Nat. Miscel. 10\3.—Malun(s frenatus, Tem., CoL 

 385. — r. pectoralis, Enl. 644, 1. — T. cinnamomeus, Enl. 560, 2. — T. riififrons, Enl. 

 644, 10. These last three species have been improperly referred by Buffon to the 

 Ant-catchers. 



N. B. Turdus aurocapillus, Lath., Enl. 398, 2, and Vieill. Am. 64 {Motac. aurocap., 

 L.), is a true Motacilla, and must be placed with the Fauvets. — Turdus calliope 

 (Lath. Syn. Supplement, fig. of the title), should go with the Redbreasts. — Turdus 

 caijanus, Enl. 515, is a female Ampelis — T. guyanensis, Enl. 398, fig. 1, is a female 

 of the Tanagra doviinica, Enl. 156, 2, of which Vieill. has made his Dulus palmarum. 

 Gal. 146. 



* We have already spoken, while on the Shrikes, of some species usually placed 

 among the Thrushes, such as Turdus zeilonus, Enl. 272. It seems, we might also 

 approximate to it the T. cafer, Enl. 563, Vaill. 107, which differs veiy little even in 

 colouring from the Laiiius jocosus, Enl. 508. These two species would also take 

 along with them the T. capensis, Enl. 317, Vaill. 105, and the T. chrijsorrhceus, Tem., 

 Vaill. 107. 



On the other hand, it would be difificult to separate from the zeilonus, the Haiisse- 

 rol voir, Vaill. Afr. 110, and the Cravate noir, Id. 115. 



t Particularly Turdus auratus, Enl. 540 {Nabirop, Vaill. Afr. 89), and Turdus 

 nidens, Enl. 561, {Couigniop, Vaill. 90.) 



Here also come the Oranvert (T. chrysogaster, Gm. Enl. 358); the Spreo {T. 

 bicolor, Gm.), Vaill. Afr. 88; the jau7wir (T. morio), Enl. 199, Vaill. Afr. 83, or the 

 Corims rufipenms, Sh.; and probably the Eclatant, Vaill. 85, and the Choucador, Id. 

 86, [CorvHS splendidns, Sh.) 



+ Turdus ceneus, Enl. 220 {Vert dore, Vaill. 87). 



§ Vieillot has given to this bird the generic name of Astrapia. 



N.B. I think it is proper to approximate to the Thrushes, which are allied to the 

 Shrikes, the Muscicapa carinata, Swains. Zool. 111. 147, of which Vigors and Hors- 

 field make their genus Monarcha. 



