PASSLRIN.'E. 



259 



grey beneath ; breast spotted with black ; two pale, transverse bands 

 on the wing. 

 The thumb nail of others is exactly that of an alauda, and they gene- 

 rally remain on the ground. 



J. pratensis,Bechst.; Alatida pratensis, Gm.; Alouette de pre, 

 Enl. G61, 2*; Naum. 84, 3 and 85, 1. Olive-brown above, whitish 

 beneath ; brown spots on the breast and flanks ; whitish eyebrows ; 

 edges of the external quills of the tail white. It prefers low or in- 

 undated meadows, and builds among reeds and tufts of grass. It 

 becomes excessively fat in autumn by feeding on grapes, and is sought 

 for at that period in France by the name of Bec-figue and Vinettef. 



We shall terminate this family of the Dentirostres with some birds 

 distinguished from all preceding ones by their two external toes, which 

 are united at their base for about a third of their length, a circumstance 

 which approximates them to the family of the Syndactyly 



PiriiA, Lin. 



The Manakins have a compressed bill, higher than it is broad, and 

 emarginated; large nasal fossae. Their feet and tail are short; the ge- 

 neral proportions of their form have long caused them to be considered as 

 very similar to the titmouse. At their head, but in a separate group, 

 should be placed, 



RupicoLA, Briss. 

 The Rock Manakins, or Cocks of the Rock, which are large birds, and 

 have a double vertical crest on the head, formed of feathers arranged like 

 a fan. The adult males of the two American species, Pipra rupicola, Gm. 

 Enl. 39 and 747; Vieill. Gal. 189, and Pip. peruviana, Lath. Enl. 745, 

 are of a most splendid orange colour; the young of an obscure brown. 

 They live on fruit, scratch the ground like the common hen, and construct 

 their nests with pieces of dry wood, in the depths of rocky caverns. The 

 female lays two eggs. 



Calyptomenes, Horsfield. 

 Only differs from the preceding by the feathers on the head not being dis- 

 posed like a fan; this same character, in a minor degree, may be observed 

 in the Pip. peruviana. 



There is a species found in the archipelago of India of the most 

 beautiful emerald green— CaZ. viridis, Horsf. Jav., which is not larger 

 than a thrush. 



* Improperly called Alouette pipi; Nauman refers this figure to his A,> thus aqua- 

 ticus, of which he thinks it is the young male. We may observe, that the synonyines 

 of this subgenus are not less obscure than those of the Fauvettes. 



t Add the AMus aquaiicus, Naum. S5, 2, 3i;-La Rousseline {Anth. Campestrts) 

 Enl. 661, 1; Naum. 84, 1; or Alcmda mosellana, Lath., of ^v•hlch the young is called 

 Fist in Provence, Enl. 654, 1 (Molac. massllicnsis, Gm.) See Roux, p. 292;-the Anth 

 Richardi, Vieill. Id. 101, and Ronx, 189, 190. Among those foreign to Europe place 

 the Alauda capensis, Enl 50 i, 2;-AL rufa, lb. 238, 1; probably the rubra, Edw. 

 207 •,—Aiithus rufulus, Vieill. Gal. 161. 



