278 BIRDS. 



Royston Crow). Cinereous ; head, wings, and taU, black. It is less 

 frugivorous, frequents the sea shore, and feeds upon shell fish, &c. 

 Nauman assures us that it often couples with the Black Crow, and 

 that the offspring reproduces. 



C. monedula, L. ; Le Choucas, &c., Enl. 525; Naum. 56, 1. 

 (The Jackdaw). A fourth smaller than the preceding ones ; about 

 the size of a pigeon : of a less intense black, which, around the neck 

 and under the belly even, verges on cinereous; sometimes all black. 

 It builds in steeples, old towers, &c., lives in flocks, feeds on the 

 same substances as the Crows, and is frequently found with them. 

 Birds of prey have no enemy more vigilant than the Jackdaw*. 



Pica, Cuv, 



The Pies are less than the Comix; the upper mandible is also more 

 arcuated than the other, and the tail long and cuneiform. 



Corvus pica, L. ; Enl. 488 ; Naum. 56, 2. (The Magpie of Eu- 

 rope). A beautiful bird, of a silky black colour, with purple, blue, 

 and gold reflections ; the belly is white, and there is a large spot of 

 the same colour on the wing. Its eternal chattering has rendered it 

 notorious. It prefers living in inhabited places, where it feeds on all 

 sorts of materials, sometimes attacking the smaller birds of the poul- 

 try yards -j". 



Garrulus, Cuv. 



The two mandibles of the Jays are but little elongated, terminating in 

 a sudden, and nearly equal curve ; when the tail is cuneiform it is not very 

 long, and the loose and slender feathers of the forehead stand more or less 

 erect when the bird is angry. 



Corvus glandarius, h.', Enl. 481 ; Naum. 58, 1. (The Jay of 

 Europe). Is a fine bird of a vinous grey, with mustachios, and the 

 quills of the tail, black ; particularly remarkable for a large spot of 

 dazzling blue, striped with a deep shade of the same colour, which 

 marks a part of the wing coverts. It feeds chiefly on the acorn, and 

 of all birds shews the greatest penchant for imitating all kinds of 



• The Jackdaw terminates the tribes of the true Crows, because its upper mandible is 

 hardly more arcuated than the lower one. Add to tliis tribe the Corvus jamaicensis, or 

 Corneille a duvet hlanc; — Le C.dauricus, Enl. 327; the C. scapulatus, Daud. Vaill. 53, 

 which M. Temm. thinks differs from the preceding; the albicollis, Lath., or CorUvau, 

 which, from its high, compressed, trenchant-hacked bill, might constitute a separate 

 subgenus, VaiU. 50; — the C. splendens of India, Vieill. Col. 425, remarkable for the 

 instinct which prompts it to search for lice among the feathers of the Vulture (the 

 Chagoun), who willingly permits it; — the C columhianus, Wils. Ill, xx, fig. 2; — the 

 C. nasicus, Tern. Col. 413;— the C. ossifragus, Wils. V, xxxviii, f. 2, if it really differ 

 from the comix. 



f Add the Corvus senegalensis, Enl. 538 ; — C. ventralis, Sh. ; Vaill. Afi-. 58 ;— C. 

 erythrorhijnchos, Enl. 622, and better, Vaill. Afr. 57;— C. cayanus, Enh 378;— C. pe- 

 ruvianus, Enl. 625;— C. cyaneus, Pall. Vaill. Afr. 58, 2;— C. rufus, Vaill. Afr. 59;— 

 the Acahe, Azz. {Corvus pileatus, Illig.), Col. 58, or Pica chrysops, Vieill. Gal. 101 ; — 

 the G. gubernatrix, Tem. Col. 436; — the Corv. azureus, T. Col. 168; — the Pie geng. 

 {C.cyanopogon, P. Max.), Col. 169. 



