288 BIRDS. 



The stems of the primary wing-quills are singularly widened in some of 

 them*, and among those which have none of these ornaments, we may 

 still distinguish the fork-tailed species ■{■, some of which have their very 

 long lateral quills widened at the end|. 



Among those which have a square or slightly emarginated tail, 

 there is one worthy of notice from its extreme smallness, the 



Troch. minimus, Enl. 276, 1; Edw. 105; Vieill. 04. It is of a 

 violet-grey colour, and about the size of a Bee. 



Another, on the contrary, because it is the largest of the whole 

 genus, the 



Troch. gigas, (the Gigantic Fly-Bird), Vieill., Gal. 180, which is 

 almost equal in size to the Hirundo apus^. 



Upupa (The Puets), Lin. 

 In this genus we will first place, 



Fregilus|| (The Cranes), Cuv. 

 Where the nostrils are covered with feathers directed forwards, from 

 which circumstance several authors have placed these birds with the Crows, 

 which they also somewhat resemble in their manners ; their bill is a little 

 longer than the head. 



Corvus graculus, L. ; Le crave d" Europe, Enl. 255; Naum. 57, 

 2; Vieill. Galer. 163. (The European Crow). The size of a 

 Crow; black; red feet and bill; wings reaching to the end of the 

 tail or extending beyond it. It inhabits the highest ridges of the 

 Alps and Pyrenees, building there among the cliffs or in the fissures 

 of the rocks like the Chocard ; it is less common, however, and does 

 not so often unite in flocks. It feeds both on fruit and insects, and 

 when it descends into the valleys, snow or bad weather may be ex- 

 pected**. 



* Tr. latipennis, Enl. 672, 2; Vieill. 21;— Tr. ensipennis, Swains. Zool. 111. 107;— 

 Tr. fakatus, lb. 82. 



t Tr. mellivorus, Enl. 640; Edw. 35, Vieill. 23, 2i;—Tr. amethystinus, Gm. Enl. 

 672, l;~Tr.furcatus, Enl. 509, 2; Vieill. Si-.—Tr.forficatus, Vieill. 60;— Tr. sma- 

 ragdo-saphirinus, Vieill. 36, 40;— 2V. coluhris, Edw. 38; Catesb. 65; Vieill. 31, 32, 33; 

 —Tr. Matigeanus, Vieill. 37, 38;— Tr. Langsdorfii, Vieill. 66, \;—Tr. enicurus, Vieill. 

 66, 3; — Tr. mediastinus, Tern. Col. 317;— Or^/jor. cora, Less, and Garn. 34, 4. 



I Tr. platurus, Vieill. 52. 



§ Other species witb square, or but slightly enfiarginated tails: Tr. mosquitus, L.; 

 Enl. 227, 2;— Tr. carhimculus, Vieill. 54;— ^r. ourissia, Enl. 227, 3;—Tr. mellisugus, 

 L.; Enl. 640, 2;—Tr. rubineus, Gm. Enl. 276, 4, VieOl. 27;— Tr. auritus, Sh. Vieill. 

 25;— Tr. collaris, VieUl. 61, G2;—Tr. superhus, Sh. ; longirostris, Vieill. 59; Col. 299, 

 \;—Tr. mellivorus, I, Enl. 640, 2;—Tr. leucogaster, Gm. Vieill. 43;— Tr. imbricatus, 

 Gm. Vieill. 221;— Jr. albirostris, Vieill. 45;— Tr. viridis, Vieill. 41;— Tr. maculafus, 

 Vieill. U;—Tr. saphyrinus, Sh. Vieill. 35 and 57, 2;—Tr. squamosus, Tem. Col. 

 203, 1;—Tr. albicolUs, I, Col. 203, 2;—Orthor. Amasili, Less, and Garn. Voy. de la 

 Coq. 31, 3. 



II Vieillot has changed this name for Coracias, which, according to Linnaeus, is 

 that of the Rollers. 



•» It is impossible to say what combination of the history of this bird with im- 

 perfect figures, perhaps of some Curlew, gave birth to the ideal species of the Crave 

 huppe or Sonnettr {Corvus eremiUi, L.), a pretended bird of Switzerland, which lias 

 never been seen by any one since Gesner. But the Corv. affinis. Lath., appears to 

 be a true Fregihis, and we have a totally black species from New Holland. 



