GALLTVACE.E. 309 



Crax pmixi, L. ; Pierre, Src. ; Enl. 78; Vieill. Galer. 200, 

 (the Stone Bird), has an oval tubercle on the base of its bill, of a light 

 blue colour and a stony hardness, almost as large as its head. This 

 bird is black ; the lower part of the belly and the tip of the tail 

 white. It lays its eggs on the ground. Its original habitat is not 

 exactly known. The trachea descends externally along the right 

 side to behind the sternum, where it inclines to the left, and ascends 

 to enter the thorax, through the fourchette. All its rings are com- 

 pressed. 



There is another species, which, instead of the tubercle on the 

 bill, has a red salieni crest. The belly and tip of the tail are chest- 

 nut colour. It is the true Mittu of Marcgrave ; Ourax miitu, Tera. 

 Col. 153; Crax (jaleala, Lath.; Crax tomentosa, Spix, Ixiii*. 



Penelope, Merr. 



The Guans or Yacousf have a slenderer bill than the Hoccos; the 

 circumference of the eyes is naked, as well as the under part of the throat, 

 which is generally susceptible of being inflated. 



Several varieties of colour are found also among these birds, be- 

 tween which it is very difHcuIt to establish specitic limits. Those 

 which have a tuft are sometimes of various shades of brown or 

 bronze — Penelope jacupema, Mer. II, xi; sometimes spotted on 

 the breast — Penelope cristata, L., Edw. 13|;; sometimes black, 

 with the same spots, and more or less white on the tuft and coverts 

 of the wings — Penelope leucolophos, ^ler. II, xii, or Pen. cuma- 

 nensis, Gm.; Jacq. Beytr. pi. 10; Bajon, Cay. pi. 5, or Pen. jacu- 

 tinga, Spix, pi. Ixx. Some of them are intermediate between these 

 two extremes, — Pen. pipile, Jacq. Beytr. pi. xi. 



The trachea, at least in the first, descends under the skin far be- 

 hind the posterior edge of the sternum, ascends, is again flexed, and 

 then continues its course towards the fourchette, through which, as 

 usual, it gains access to the lungs. A species almost without crest, 



Pen. marail, Enl. 338, Vieill. Gal. 198, greenish-black, with a 

 fawn-coloured belly, appears very distinct. Its trachea, in both 

 sexes, forms a curve at the upper part of the sternum, just before it 

 dips into the thorax. 



Ortalida, Merr. 



Or the Parraquas, only differ from the Yacous by having but little of the 

 naked space on the throat, and about the eyes. 



• Add, Crax ttiherosa, Sp. LXVII, a,—Cr. uramulum, Id. LXII. N.B. The 

 Charamcl, Buff. {Crax voci/erans), founded on a vague indication of Hernandez, cap. 

 XLI, is not authentic. Sonnini even ihinVs it maybe the Falco vulturinus. The 

 Curacara of Buff, and Dutertre is the A^mri (Psophia). 



t Gouan and Yanou are the names of these birds in Guiana and Brazil. That of 

 Penelope, given to them by Merrem, designated among the Greeks a species of duck, 

 ■which, according to them, had saved the wife of Ulysses from drowning, when a 

 child. 



X The P.janiaza, jacucaca, jacupeba, jncuhemha, guttata, and arra cuan, of Spix, 

 LXVII I — LXXV, closely approach the P. cristata, if they are not mere varietits of 

 il. The P. marail, Vieill. Gal. 19S, corresponds most with (he jacupeba. 



