GRALLATORIS. 347 



PiiALAROPUS*, Briss. 



Small birds, whose bill, though flatter than that of the Sandpipers, is 

 similarly proportioned, and has the same grooves; the toes also are bor- 

 dered with wide membranes like those of Fulica. The species known, 



Phal. fulicarius, Bonap. ; Trimja labata and Tr. fulicaria, L. f, 

 has a very large bill for a member of this family. In winter, it is 

 ash-coloured above ; beneath, and the head, whitish; a black band 

 on the neck : it is then the Tr. lobata, Edw. 308. In summer it 

 becomes black, streaked with fawn colour above, and reddish be- 

 neath; there is at all times a white band on the wing, which is 

 blackish : it is then the Phalaropus rufus, (Red Phalarope), Bechst. 

 and Meyer; Trincja fulicaria, L., Edw. \42X\ Crynwphile rovx, 

 Vieill. Gal. 270. This bird is rare in Europe. 



Strepsilas§, lUig. 



The Turn-stones stand rather low ; the bill is short, and the toes are 

 without membranes, like those of the true Sandpipers ; but this bill is 

 conical, pointed, without any depression, compression, or inflation, and 

 the nasal fossae do not extend to more than half its length. The thumb 

 barely reaches the ground. Their bill, which is stronger and stifl'er in 

 proportion than that of the preceding birds, enables them to overturn 

 stones, beneath which they find worms. 



The mantle of one species is varied with black and red ; head and 

 belly white; cheeks and breast, black: it is disseminated through- 

 out both continents, and is the Tringa interpres, L., Enl. 856. 

 There is also one varied with grey and brown, which is perhaps but 

 the same species at a different age — Enl. 340 and 857; Vieill. Gal. 

 23711. 



ToTANUS^, CuV. 



The bill of these birds is slender, round, pointed and solid; the nasal 

 fossa? do not extend beyond the half of its length, and the upper mandible is 

 slightly arcuated near the end. Their form is light and their legs long; 

 but a small part of their thumb rests on the ground; their external web 

 is well marked. Each of the species is found throughout almost the 

 whole of the globe. 



Scol. glottis, L. ; Chevalier atix pied verts; Albin. II, 69; Al- 

 drov. Orn. Ill, 535 ; Brit. Zool. pi. c. 1 ? As large as a Limosa, 



» Vieillot has changed tliis name into Crymophile, Gal., pi. 270. 

 t Meyer hnproperly confounds this bird, Edw. 308, with the Tringa hi/perborea 

 and the Tringa fusca, which have the bill of a Tetanus, and of which we make our 



LoiilPES. 



X Gmelin has increased the confusion by quoting this bird as a variety of the 

 hyperborea. 



§ Vieillot has changed this name into that of Arenaria, Gal. pi. 237. 



II See Edw. HI; Naum. Suppl. 62, f. 118; Wils. VII, hni, 2. The Chevalier 

 varie, Enl. 300, referred by Meyer to Strepsilas, is merely a Ruff. 



^ Totano, the Venetian name of a Limosa or Totanus. 



