ANIMAL PARASITES. 131 



length by 4-6 millimeters in breadth, and almost as 

 thick as broad. It is of a pinkish or reddish-brown 

 color. Usually the worm inhabits the bronchial tubes 

 of the animal upon which it is parasitic, but it has been 

 found in other situations also. 



The symptoms to which it gives rise are rarely serious, 

 consisting of a chronic cough, and a rusty (sanguineous) 

 expectoration. Occasionally there is severe haemopty- 

 sis. Ova of the parasites are found in the expectora- 

 tion, and from these the diagnosis is made. Nothing 

 is known of the manner of infestment. Stiles sounds a 

 note of warning by pointing to their presence in domes- 

 tic animals. 



LIVER FLUKES. 



A number of liver flukes occasionally parasitic in 

 man have been described, of which one, and possibly 

 two, are of considerable importance. 



Foremost is the Chinese or Japanese liver 

 pisTHOR- £^]^g^ Opisthorchis sinensis, which is com- 

 SiNENsis ^^^ ^^ China, Japan, and India. This 

 species is somewhat larger than the lung 

 fluke, being from 10-20 millimeters in length by 2-5 

 millimeters in breadth. As its name implies, it has its 

 seat of election in the liver, particularly the gall-pas- 

 sages, and gives rise to digestive disturbances, jaundice, 

 anaemia and dropsy. Years elapse between the time 

 of infestment and death. The diagnosis rests on the 

 presence of eggs in the stools. 



