MICRO-ORGANISMS IN VARIOUS DISEASES. 189 



(c) Entry: Probably through respiratory tract (inha- 



lation). 



(d) Exit: Exhalations from lungs and skin, particu- 



larly in the dried scales of the latter; in all 

 secretions and excretions, therefore, spu- 

 tum, feces, urine, tears, nose, etc. 



(e) Contracted: Highly contagious. 



(f) Disinfection: Same as applied to small-pox. 



(g) Prophylaxis: Same as in small-pox. 



Cholera. 



(a) Cause: Spirillum cholem AsiaticcE (Koch), 



' ' comma bacillus ; ' ' non-sporogenous . 



(b) Localization: Small and large intestines. 



(c) Entry: Mouth in water and food. 



(d) Exit: Discharges from bowels, sometimes in 



vomit. 



(e) Contracted: Is usually water-borne infection, but 



may come from foods contaminated either 

 by soiled hands, human fertilizer, or by in- 

 sects which have been in contact with dis- 

 charges containing the spirilla. 



(f) Disinfection: Spirillum has slight resisting powers, 



65° C. (149° F.) kills in five minutes, 100° C. 

 (212° F.), destroying it at once; disinfect 

 stools and vomited matter with 5 per cent 

 solution formalin, 5 per cent solution car- 

 bolic acid, 2 per cent tricresol, or twice their 



