SECRETIONS AND EXCRETIONS. 243 



Bile imparts to urine a yellow or greenish- 

 BiLE. brown color, and can usually be detected 



at once upon inspection. If a urine con- 

 taining bile be shaken, the foam which collects upon the 

 top will be found of a yellowish or greenish hue even 

 when these colors are not pronounced in the body of the 

 urine. The same urine when filtered also leaves a 

 greenish stain upon the filter-paper. 



Five to ten cubic centimeters of urine are 



placed in a test-tube and treated with two 



^ to three cubic centimeters of tincture of 



FOR Bile. 



iodine (which has been diluted with alcohol 



in the proportion of one to ten) in such 

 manner that the iodine solution forms a layer above the 

 urine. In the presence of bile, a distinct emerald- 

 green ring is seen at the zone of contact. 



Blood gives urine a color which may vary 

 Blood. from bright red to dark brown. Such 



urine turns darker upon standing. In 

 cases in which blood is voided, it is important that the 

 urine of a single micturition be passed in two or three 

 portions. A person voiding urine mixed with blood 

 is said to suffer from hceinaturia. When the blood is 

 dissolved in the urine, i.e., the haemoglobin has left the 

 corpuscles, the condition is called, hcBmoglobinuria. 

 Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish blood from bile in 

 urine, as both may present the same appearance. They 

 can usually be distinguished by dilution with water 



