( 5 ) 



22. The Kdchld occupies a small holding close to the site of the village, 

 in which he raises the vegetables and potherbs most in demand ; depending for 

 these less on manure than on his own labours and that of his family, and con- 

 stant manipulation of the (already enriched) soil. "Where he takes up the 

 higher cultivation, as of potatoes, cane, &c., he manures heavily. 



23. Of Lodhas (Kisdn), another industrious class, there are comparatively 

 few in the Cawnpore district. Their place is supplied by the Kurmis, and where 

 they are found they cultivate little, if any, better than Ahfrs and Garariyas. 



24. The instruments used by the ryot in this district 

 Instruments of hus- 

 bandry, are few and cheap : 



The plough. 



25. Consists of the following portions, made of the materials, and cost- 

 ing as noted opposite each : 



Phdrd, the share of steel, costing 12 annas. 



Ihrhdri, the sole, on which the share is shod ; of babiil. 



Kurh or Kurhai, the step ; of babul. 



faretha, the stilt of babul. 



Muthia, the handle of babul. 



ffaris, the beam of sdku, costing 12 annas. 



Hareni, the cross-bar to which is tied the yoke (jud). 



Parel % 



Pachh&T \ 



Agmdsi ( Pe s wluch secure the different parts. 



Pachmdsi ) 



The yoke consists of 

 Mdnchi, the upper bar. ^ 



Tar-mdnchi the lower bar. f /- . n 



Gdt or ffatar, the inner pegs, f Cost 8 annas > &nd "*&! of ** 

 Sail, the outer pegs. ) 



Nahna, the rope, often of leather, which attaches the yoke to the beam. 

 Chonga y funnel of bamboo attached to handle, down which seed is poured 

 into furrow. 



26. Thus the actual outlay for plough and yoke does not exceed Rs. 2, 

 but the blacksmith and carpenter receive annual dues, which will be shown 



