( 6 ) 



subsequently for constructing and repairing. The plough lasts three years 



easily. 



fhdora, or kilwa, or spade ; iron blade, babdl handle ; costs from Re. 1 to 



Re. 1-4-0, and lasts five years. 



Kudar is narrower than the phdora and is used for digging cane-fields 

 and wells ; costs about eight to ten annas, and lasts three or four years. 



Khurpd, hoe, blade iron, handle babtil ; costs four annas, and lasts two years. 



Koldba is a kind of hoe which is used for cutting the slips of cane or arhar 

 plants ; costs four annas. 



Havsya, or sickle ; costs four annas. 



Gardnsi, chopper, to cut fodder or cane ; costs from 8 annas to Re. 1. 



Kulhdri, axe, costs 8 annas to Re. 1. 



Mai, pahtah, or pateld is a beam of wood used as clodcrusher after 

 ploughing : in it are two pegs (keora) to which are attached the hauling ropes 

 (baghan) ; costs from Re. 1 to Re. 1-8-0. 



Pdchhi is a flat board for making the irrigation bed ; one man holds 

 the handle, a second pulls it towards himself by a rope. It is also called kirhd 

 or kydri. 



The forms of these tools are so well known that it is needless to represent 

 them. 



27. In the south of the district for the heavier soils, such as mar, the plough 

 or bullock-hoe called " bakhar" is used ; it is thus described in the supplemen- 

 tary glossary : " It has an iron scythe in the room of a share about 20 inches 

 broad and five deep, fixed to the centre of a beam of wood between four and five 

 feet long and six inches broad. This scythe enters about eight inches into the 

 ground, effectually eradicating weeds and grass, and the beam pulverising the 

 earth as it is turned up." 



28. The ryot also has his well gear as follows : Pur or charsa, leather 

 bag of buffalo hide, value Rs. 3 ; it holds 13 to 15 gallons. 



Kondrd, the iron hoop, which holds the mouth of the bag open, costs about 

 Re. 1. 



Bart, the rope, value Re. 1, which, however, is not bought; the ryot makes 

 it of his own hemp. 



Khuttij or bildri, the wooden handle, which attaches the rope to the pur. 



Girri, wheel of lahtil with two pins of iron, costing eight to twelve annas. 



Dhordhi are the uprights on which the wheel rests. 



Pat&r, the wooden beam at mouth of the well on which the pur is landed. 



Thus the whole of the well gear purchased costs about Rs. 6 to 8, and 

 will only last about one year. 



The yoke for the well bullocks is, I am told, usually 8 inches shorter than that for the plough. 



