( 13 ) 



The hole (choha) is about 16 feet deep, in which 5 feet water collec's. 

 The beam (dhenkli} works on a pivot in a fixed fulcrum or support (khamb) at 

 two-thirds of its total length from the well, and is weighted at the outer end with 

 a lump of clay (chdk). An earthen pot (tfrilya) is suspended to the dhenkli by a 

 (bareri) rope (finer than used for the ordinar}^ well) ; the rope not being slung 

 round the pot outside, but fastened to a slip of wood (kilia) which catches in 

 the neck of the pot inside. A dhenkli well will water at the outside 2 biswas 

 (one-sixteenth of an acre) in the day, and will cost, including binders (birhe, of 

 light material, such as bdjra stalks, maddr or akowa stalks, and jhdo, generally 

 found on the banks of the Ganges, where these wells are used), Re. 1-12-0. 



48. Canal- irrigation is now rapidly supplanting well irrigation over a 



large portion of the district, both on account of its 

 facility and because the rise in the water-level, largely 

 due to the canal, has caused the destruction of wells, and the cultivator is 

 driven, whether he will or no, to take canal water as his only means of irriga- 

 tion. 



49. The method of canal irrigation is either by flow (flush, " tor," 

 " katwa") or lift (ddl). The former process is simple enough ; the cultivator 

 simply cuts the field boundary and lets the water in from one irrigating bed 

 to another till his field is watered. He can irrigate in this way three acres in 

 the day. The second process, or " lift," is that of hoisting 1 the water up in a 

 basket (" beri," " lahri") made of split bamboo, and costing 2 annas, from 

 the reservoir (" nanda)" to the catch-basin (" jhular"), from whence it flows to 

 the field requiring it, in which it is distributed as above. Sometimes more than 

 one basket is nsed at one lift, sometimes more than one lift is required to 

 bring the water up to the proper level. By this process half an acre can be 

 irrigated in one day, and the cost is as follows : 



Flora. 



Rs. a. p. 



Canal charge per acre (cereals) ... ,., ,., ... ... 2 4 o 



One man distributing ior one day ... ... ... ... ... 1 6 



One man watching watercourse to prevent leakage ... ... ... 1 6 



Total cost ...270 



Lift. 

 Canal charge per acre (cereals) ... ... ... ... ^ 1 8 



Four men to each basket, working turn and turn about, 2 days, @ 2 annas cash and $ 



pice chabena per diem ... ... .., ... ... ... 1 2 



One man distributing, 2 days @ I J anna per diem .. ... ... ... 3 o 



One man watching watercourse (one of lifters off duty) 



Total cost ... 2 13 



1 The man lifting stands on the paintha. 



