( 32 ) 



The coarse rice is simply sown broadcast, the finer sorts are sown in 

 small seed-beds (her) in Asdrh, and transplanted in 

 Sdwan : the seedlings cost as much as Rs. 5, enough 

 for an acre. Transplanting takes five days and costs Rs. 4. 



Coarse rice is weeded once where ife grows : it is not irrigated, being cut 



before the rains cease. The transplanted rice is water- 

 Intermediate operations. '' .,1 



ed when the rains cease till cut, that is, from Kwdr 



(end of September) to Aghan (middle of November), as often as four times \ 

 where canal water is available it is largely used, but ordinarily the water of 

 the adjacent pond or lake is used. The cost increases as the water has to be 

 lifted higher as the pond dries up. Weeding rice is hard work and highly 

 paid, and as far as possible the ryot does it himself. 



The black rice is cut in Bliadon, the transplanted rice in Aglian; 

 eight men can cut an acre in a day, and bring the sheaves 

 to the threshingfloor. The reaper often also beats out 

 the grain, getting from one-twelfth to one-sixteenth of the produce. 



The better rices are threshed in the usual way. In an experiment made 



bv me it took six oxen driven by two men, and helped 

 Threshing. 



by four other men, a day to thresh out the produce of half 



acre sumhara. In the same experiment it took six men half a day to winnow 

 the grain. But the grain is only separated from the stalk; it remains in the 

 husk, from which it is subsequently separated in an " okhli" (large mortar) by 



a " musal" (pestle). 



The estimated outturn is much undervalued. The 

 Outturn. 



following experiments I have made give to the 



acre: 



Sudanana only 4 maunds 21 seers. 

 Subra 8 5 



Talu-dnni 10 24 



Sumhara 16 + 30 maunds bhusa. 



All these fields were watered, most of them three times. 

 1 do not think under favourable circumstances less than 16 maunds should 

 be looked for ; less will not pay the cultivator after irrigating. 



Ofmungi four maunds will pay, for this crop costs little to rear, and is off 

 the ground in time to allow of a crop of gram, peas, or bijhra. 



The above estimates are in unhusked rice (dhdn), in which we hare the 

 proportion of four seers " ch&wal" to one seer "bhiisi." 



The coarser sorts are purchased by the bhurji and sold as "khil ;" less coarse 

 sorts are made into flour ; the finer sorts are sold for 



the table. Rice when cooked is called bhdt. Rice is 

 constantly used also in sweetmeats. 



