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GRAM. 



Varieties. None. 



Gram is either sown in strong clay, when it grows thick and like a carpet, 



or in light sandy soils. In the former instance it is a 

 Preparation of land manure. . * . . 



sign 01 good soil of its kind, in the latter of poverty of 



soil. It is often sown in tardi lands. 



The land is ploughed as often as opportunity offers, but being generally 

 considered only a third rate crop, it gets less care than 

 wheat and bijhra. In tardi lands it of course only gets 

 such ploughings as there is time for after the water clears off. 



It is sown in the usual way, the mustard being 

 either sown in rows or mixed up ; the flax always in 

 rows. 



It is not watered, and rarely weeded. 

 It is cut, threshed, and winnowed in the usual way. 

 This varies much. On the poor sandy soils three 

 maunds is a good outturn ; in the stiff clays ten mauuda 

 is not too high an estimate. 



Gram is principally used as horses' food, but is also used for bread, as pulse 

 (ddl) made into sweetmeats, or parched (chabena) : in 

 this form it is constantly given to labourers as part of 

 their hire. It is a common viaticum. The bhtisd is excellent for cattle, but isf 

 too good to be used alone, and is mixed with the chaff of cereals. 



Ploughings. 



Sowings. 



Intermediate operations. 

 Harvest. 



Outturn. 



Uses. 



