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water the vegetables. Tho field for poppy will take twelve days to prepare by 

 watering, and has at the same time to be broken up by the hoe, taking fifteen 

 men costing Re. 1-6-6 : in this is included the sowing also. He will now with 

 his son cut the urd, mung, lobia, and til sown with his jwdr, and take them to 

 the threshmgfloor, in all four days, and then cut the heads of the jwdr. Aghan 

 has now come and the rabi must be watered, taking fifteen days ; for this one man 

 is hired, for the son is watching the grain on the threshingfloor. But in the 

 meanwhile he will take a day for treading out tliejwdr and another for winnow- 

 ing it, and a third for the small crops, so he has to pay the man hired 

 Re. 1-11-0. The poppy now wants watering, which will take ten days, after which 

 it is weeded by hand (ckutki se), each weed being separately pulled up with the 

 fingers ; this will take four days, and besides the family thirteen men must be hired 

 costing Rs. 4-14-0, and weeding the wheat will cost Rs. 2-4-0, being at the 

 rate of eight hired men for three days. The vegetables will now be watered, taking 

 five days, and then weeded, eight men being hired for the latter employment. The 

 vegetables, wheat, and poppy will be watered twice more, the bijhra only once, 

 which will bring us to the beginning of Phdgon (about February), when a field 

 will be prepared for cane, being first watered, and then ploughed for four days. 

 With hired assistance he will cut the canes he has bought for seed from the 

 field where they are growing, strip off the leaves, chop the canes into lengths, 

 dig a hole and bury the pieces in it, covering them with the leaves and moist 

 earth. All this will have cost him about fifteen annas. When the pieces have lain 

 three days, during which time he waters the vegetables again, he will sow them 

 (as described separately under head " Sugarcane") at an expense of twelve annas. 

 He has now two important duties, to keep the cane field properly pulverised, 

 and to water the poppy, which will keep him ten days employed, whilst his wife 

 and son pull the petals of the poppy flowers, which are made into cakes and 

 sold to the opium agency. For the next fortnight he and four hired labourers 

 will make the incisions in the poppy heads on the afternoon, and the next 

 morning up till noon scrape off the exuded juice : this costs Rs. 5-10-0. Now 

 to water and plough up (gorna) the cane, costing twelve annas, and then the bijhra 

 being ripe for cutting, he will call in two men, paid by a share in the crop 

 (lonhdri), and cut it in two days ; and after this the wLeat, which takes half as 

 long again. For a week the sheaves will lie on the threshingfloor watched by 

 the man and his family : in one day they will pick the poppy heads : if pressed 

 for time they will hire assistance. Then the Kdchhi and his son will thresh 

 out the bijhra, taking eight days, and the wheat, taking seventeen days, and 

 then beat out the poppy seed, which the wife will clean from the husk. The 

 winnowing will take a week, and bringing home a couple of days ; two men 

 will be hired to help, costing Re. 1-14-0. The cane must now be watered 



