( 103 ) 



108. As the carder only gets carding work in tlie winter months he 

 cannot make a living out of it, so he keeps a cotton-gin, " rentha" or 

 " eliarkhi." This primitive machine ia either one-handled or two-handled. 

 The gin consists of two uprights (kunthra) on a piece of board (patri). Two 

 rounded rods, one of babul, the other of iron, are fixed in the upright, handles 

 being attached. The cotton being placed between the rods, t]je handle or 

 handles are turned and the seed pressed out. The price of a " charkhi" is 

 8 or 9 annas. The charge for cleaning a maund of cotton (kapds) is Re. 1 or 

 Re. 1-4-0 and the seeds (binola). The average outturn is two-thirds seed to 

 one-third cotton of gross weight. To clean (" otna") 15 seers of cotton 

 (Jcapas) is a good day's work. 



109. The following breeds of cattle are most in demand amongst the 

 Cattle. agricultural classes for purposes of husbandry : 



Country (Desi), bred from the ordinary country cow, covered generally by 

 some bull (sand) which has been let loose at a death, wanders loose about the 

 country, and mixes with the herds out to graze. This breed is generally small 

 in stature, dun-coloured, worth only Rs. 10 or Rs. 12, and lasts but five or six 

 years. 



Jamneit, or from beyond the Jumna, generally red and of medium stature, 

 worth Rs. 15 or Rs. 16, and lasts for 15 or 16 years. 



Kanwaria, from the Ken river (Banda), red in colour, but white fronted, 



fetches as high as Rs. 30 or Rs. 35, but only lasts 15 or 16 years. A strong breed. 



Painthua, from the Gogra (the name is derived from an old legend that 



they were only bred in 35, painthis, villages), a long-horned breed, rather wild, 



last 12 or 13 years, and fetch Rs. 20 or Rs. 25. 



Ilaridnth, from Hariana, a slow breed, and only working for 10 years ; 

 fetches Rs. 13 or Rs. 14. 



Mewdt, a short-horned breed of some stature, but heavier in hinder quarters ; 

 a good worker, lasting for as long as 20 years, and fetches Rs. 20 or Rs. 25. 



Bliaddwar, from the Bhadauria country, a slow, poor, rough breed, only 

 fetching Rs. 10 and lasting 5 years. 



110. The four first named are the breeds most commonly in use in this 

 district. Country cattle are not castrated ; the other three breeds are to tame 

 them ; hence also they last longer. 



111. The country-bred cattle may generally be bought at the Bindki 

 or Burhwan (in Fatehpur) markets. In this district the principal cattle mar- 

 kets are at Makanpur, twice annually ; Gajnair, once annually, in June (at 

 these fairs high priced cattle are sold for carriage) ; Chanbepur, Sen, As&lat- 

 ganj, Barei-Garhu, Satmarra, Pokhraen, Bari Pal, and Daulatpur, bi-weekly. 



