from the Standpoint of Science 49 



against man if this be the scientific view of 

 life, the basis of human progress how have 

 human love and sympathy come to play such 

 a great part in the world? Here, again, I 

 think science has something to say, although 

 the earlier interpreters of evolution rather 

 obscured it. They painted evolution as the 

 survival of the fittest individual, and spoke 

 of his struggle against his fellows. 



But this is not the only form of selection 

 at work ; it is often quite the least effective 

 phase of the contest. Consciously or uncon- 

 sciously, one type of life is fighting against a 

 second type, and all life is struggling with its 

 physical environment. The safety of a gre- 

 garious animal and man is essentially such 

 depends upon the intensity with which the 

 social instinct has been developed. The 

 stability of a race depends entirely on the 

 extent to which the social feelings have got 

 a real hold on it. The race which allows the 

 physically or mentally stronger Tom to make 

 the existence of the somewhat inferior Jack 

 impossible will never succeed when it comes 

 into contest with a second race. Jack has 

 no interests in common with Tom ; the op- 



4 



