from the Standpoint of Science 61 



class, cannot face the external contest, the 

 competition with other nations, by peace 

 or by war, for the raw material of pro- 

 duction and for its food supply. This 

 struggle of tribe with tribe, and nation with 

 nation, may have its mournful side ; but we 

 see as a result of it the gradual progress of 

 mankind to higher intellectual and physical 

 efficiency. It is idle to condemm it ; we can 

 only see that it exists and recognise what 

 we have gained by it civilization and social 

 sympathy. But while the statesman has to 

 watch this external struggle, to see that the 

 nation is really an organized whole, not a 

 loose agglomeration of hostile groups of men 

 seeking primarily their own profit and pleasure 

 at the national expense ; while he has to 

 check the internal struggle of man with man, 

 he must be very cautious that the nation is 

 not silently rotting at its core. He must 

 insure that the fertility of the inferior stocks 

 is checked, and that of the superior stocks 

 encouraged ; he must regard with suspicion 

 anything that tempts the physically and 

 mentally fitter men and women to remain 

 childless. He must see to it that a reserve 



