i 4 OUR INSECT FRIENDS AND FOES 



formed so that it can be used as a borer, belong 

 to the first division, called the Hymenoptera-tere- 

 brantia ; the Ants, Bees, and true wasps, which 

 have the ovipositor modified into a sting, are 

 included in the second division, called the 

 Hymenoptera-aculeata. 



3. Order Lepidoptera, comprising the Butter- 

 flies and Moths ; insects which all undergo com- 

 plete metamorphosis. They have in the adult 

 stage four membranous wings, covered with 

 fine and beautifully coloured hairs and scales. 

 The antennae are very variable in form, and are 

 composed of a number of small joints. The 

 antennae of the true Butterflies are always 

 clubbed at the apex, while in the Moths they are 

 never clubbed, but may be feathery or thread- 

 like. 



4. Order Diptera, includes the Blow-flies, 

 House-fly, Horse-flies, Daddy-long-legs, Mos- 

 quitoes, Fleas, etc. In this Order the insects 

 undergo complete metamorphosis. In the adult 

 insect only the front pair of wings are fully 

 developed, the posterior pair being reduced to 

 curious club-like processes called balancers or 

 halteres. The wings may be altogether absent, 

 as in the Fleas and so-called Sheep-Ticks. The 

 mouth parts are both complex and varied, some 

 being formed for piercing, as in the Gad Flies, 

 female Mosquito, Tsetse Flies ; others for suction, 

 as in the House- and Blow-flies; whilst in the 

 Ostridae or Warbles, the mouth parts are rudi- 

 mentary and the adults take no nourishment. 

 The Fleas were formerly considered as a separate 

 Order, under the name Aphaniptera, but are now 



