FAUNAL AREAS Q 



and up on the coast as far north as the vicinity of Boston Bay, 

 beyond which, Cape Ann seems to afford an effectual barrier. It 

 must be stated, however, that north of the south shore of Bristol 

 County, the occurrence of birds characteristic of this zone, is, in 

 the main, irregular and uncertain, if not often accidental. The 

 following twelve Upper Austral birds have been ascertained to 

 breed in the State in the general areas named in connection, with 

 each, but where only a single instance of breeding is known, the 

 locality is specified : 



Porzana jamaicensia, Chatham Gallinula galeata, Berkshire Valleys 

 and along the coast into Middlesex Co. Empidonax (lea dt 'cuA Hyde Park. 

 Stelgidopteryx serripennis, North Adams. Vireo noveboraccnsis* southern 

 Berkshire Co., and along the coast into Essex Co. Mimus polyglottos, 

 Conn, valley of southern Hampden Co., southern Bristol Co., and along 

 the coast into Middlesex Co. Icteria virens, valleys of Berkshire Co., 

 Bristol Co., and along the coast into Essex Co. Siurus motacilla, Sheffield. 

 Spiza americana, formerly in Berkshire Valleys and along the coast into 

 Middlesex Co. Icterus spurins, Berkshire Vallevs, Conn, valley in 

 Hampden Co., and along the coast into Middlesex Co. Cardinally 

 cardinally, Cambridge. Ammodramus maritimus, Westport. 



The following eight species, characteristic of the Upper 

 Austral zone have been found in Massachusetts during the 

 breeding season, under such circumstances as to suggest the 

 probability of their breeding in the State, even though no nests 

 were found : 



Sterna maxima, Rynchops nigra, Nycticorax vi'olaceus, Corz'r/s osnifra- 

 gus, Polioptila ceerulftt, Thryothortis ludovicianns, Wihonia mitrata, 

 Protonotaria fifrea. 



In addition, the following nineteen Upper Austral birds have 

 been recorded as stragglers or occasional visitors to the State : 



I\allns elegant, Kallns crepitans, loiiornis martinica, II<zmatopus pal- 

 liatiis, I liniaiitopus int'xicati/is, It e.c urn' rostra americana, Ardea egretta, 

 Ardea ccerulea, Ardea candidissiitta , Cat/iarista urnbu, Cathartes aiu'<r, 

 Elano'idcs forficatu*. Stri\ pratincola, Melanerpes carolinus, Dendi ceca 

 rara, I Iclnn'ntliophila pinns, Helmitherus vermivorut, Pirangn nibra, 

 ccp.rule.a,. 



Transition: This zone covers the greater part of Massachu- 

 setts, including most of the territory up to about 2000 feet on the 

 hills and mountains of the western part of the State and exclusive 



