BIRDS OF NEW YORK 27 



Swamp sparrow 20, Rose-breasted grosbeak 30, Indigo bunting 5, Scarlet 

 tanager 25, Cedar waxwing 5, Red-eyed vireo 25, Warbling vireo 10, Yellow- 

 throated vireo 20, Golden-winged warbler 3, Yellow warbler 35, Cerulean 

 warbler 40, Chestnut-sided warbler I, Ovenbird 10, Water thrush 70, 

 Louisiana water thrush 2, Mourning warbler 20, Northern yellowthroat 50, 

 Canadian warbler 15, American redstart 75, Catbird 10, Winter wren i, 

 Long-billed marsh wren 15, Brown creeper 20, White-breasted nuthatch 30, 

 Black-capped chickadee 15, Wood thrush 3, Wilson thrush 90, Robin 40, 

 Bluebird 15, English sparrow 5. 



In the year 1911 a single pair of White-throated sparrows nested in 

 the swamp. During the year 1911-1912 nearly all the standing timber 

 in the upper portion of the swamp was cut away and manufactured into 

 barrel staves. As a result of the cutting of the timber a dense growth 

 of weeds and shrubbery appeared in the summer of 1912. The effect 

 upon the bird life was very manifest. No Black duck nor Wood duck 

 were found in this portion of the swamp. The Great blue heron had no 

 nesting trees and disappeared. Such species as the Hairy woodpecker, 

 Crested flycatcher, Wood pewee, Blue jay, Crow, Rose-breasted grosbeak, 

 Red-eyed vireo, Cerulean warbler and Water thrush had noticeably 

 diminished in numbers, but the Bitterns, Rails, Marsh hawks, Indigo 

 bunting, Golden- winged warbler and Chestnut-sided warbler had noticeably 

 increased in number, the last to such an extent that 60 would represent 

 its standing in 1912. The Brown creeper increased in the swamp just 

 previous to 1908 due to the winter ice-girdling of the trees near the ground 

 and the production of favorable nesting sites beneath the dead bark. In 

 1912 it had diminished to the standing of 3, the nesting sites having been 

 destroyed. 



BIRDS OF A TYPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST 



One and one-half miles north of the village of Springville in Erie 

 county there is a small tract of woodland composed of a formation of 

 sugar maple and beech with a small admixture of hop hornbeam, black 

 cherry, white elm and cork elm; the soil is a gravelly loam, well drained, 



