BREECHING — BREEDERS' SOCIETIES 



exertion, though if a high rate of respiration is continued 

 for some time after he has been pulled up suspicions as to 

 his soundness are fully justified. The act of breathing 

 consists of taking air into the lungs by way of the nostrils, 

 larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes, and expelling it from 

 them by expanding or decreasing the chest through the 

 action of the diaphragm. Hence the great importance of 

 either a wide chest or else a deep one, and of nicely rounded 

 ribs. (See Blowing, Broken Wind, Roaring, Whistling^ 



Breeching is very useful in assisting the horse to stop 

 the vehicle to which he is harnessed, and to aid him in 

 taking it down a hill, when the weight presses forward upon 

 him, and there is no pole to help as in the case of a pair. 

 The best sort of breeching buckles on to the tugs of the 

 back-band, passing round the buttocks of the horse, but in 

 some cases the ends are fastened to the shafts about i foot 

 or 1 8 inches behind the stops. 



Breeders' Societies. — Of late years a very large number 

 of gentlemen who have the constant improvement of the 

 horse at heart have formed themselves into societies for 

 the purpose of encouraging the breeders of the varieties 

 they are interested in. It is to the exertions of the members 

 of such societies that the marked improvement that has 

 taken place in many breeds is due, and it may be added 

 that there is satisfaction in recording the fact that in almost 

 every case the number of members is increasing yearly. 

 The following are the leading horse and pony societies : — 



Cleveland Bay Horse Society of Great Britain and Ireland — Secretary, 



Thos. Curry, jun., Norton Carr, Nunthorpe, R.S.O., Yorkshire. 

 Clydesdale Horse Society of Great Britain and Ireland — Secretary, 



Arch. M'Neilage, 93 Hope Street, Glasgow. 

 Hackney Horse Society — Secretary, Frank F. Euren, 12 Hanover 



Square, London, W. 

 Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland — Secretary, James 



Macdonald, 3 George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh. 



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