JINKED BACK— JOWL 



persuaded to move forward, but as a general rule he decides 

 to stand still without budging an inch. Under such circum- 

 stances thrashing him is no good, and even more drastic 

 measures, such as lighting a fire of hay under his belly, 

 frequently fail. Sometimes the offender will be persuaded 

 to move by being turned round, but as often as not he will 

 decline to shift his feet from the ground. A means of com- 

 pelling him to go forwards which has succeeded in some cases 

 is to saw a piece of rope backwards and forwards behind the 

 knees of a jibber, but this requires the assistance of two 

 persons, and is not always effective, so as a rule there is 

 nothing to do but to wait in patience. Jibbing may there- 

 fore be regarded as an incurable vice, though cases of cures 

 have been reported when the offender has been made to stand 

 for hours between the shafts of a cart heavily laden with 

 sand on the place where he commenced to jib, but the value 

 of such an attempt at curing him is very doubtful. 



Jinked Back, sometimes erroneously referred to as 

 " chink back," is not the result of an accident, but is a slow 

 disease of the vertebra; or their muscles. A horse suffering 

 from it can move forwards easily enough, but if quickly 

 turned is likely to fall, and under any circumstances the 

 movement of his hind-legs is defective. There is no cure. 

 (See Shivering^ 



Joint 111.— See Navel III. 



Joints. — " Hinge " joints are those which can be extended ; 

 " ball and socket " joints are those in which the end of one 

 bone rests in a socket formed by another bone. (See Bones, 

 Hip Joint, Hocks, Knees, Pastern, Shoulders, Stifie.) 



Journey. — See Leading Horses, Railway Travelling. 



Jowl. — The part of the lower jaw where it is widest and 

 furthest removed from the mouth. 



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