SPLIT UP^SPRAINS 



bone, the result of getting a foot in a hole, a twist, or 

 concussion. 



Treatment. — If the case appears a severe one, the horse 

 should be put in slings ; if not, he should be bedded on a 

 thick layer of peat moss. The pastern should be enclosed 

 in a starch bandage, the hollow of the heel having been 

 previously plugged with cotton wool or tow, the horse being 

 fed on a low diet, and an occasional mild purge administered. 

 (See Slings^ Starch Bandage^ 



Split Up. — A horse is said to be split up when his thighs 

 are deficient of muscle on the insides, so that he shows too 

 much daylight between them. 



Spoke Brush. — A long, narrow brush with thick, hard 

 bristles, used for washing wheels. (See Carriages, Care of.) 



Spokes. — The wooden or metal bars which connect the 

 outside rim of the wheel with the centre portion. (See 

 Felloe, Nave, Tyre) 



Sponge Pad. — A strip of fine sponge about half an inch 

 thick, fixed between the wall of the hoof and the shoe, is a 

 very useful preventative against concussion, and may be used 

 with benefit to the horse in other cases of lameness. (See 

 Lameness, Pad.) 



Sporadic Diseases are those which arise from ordinary 

 causes arising from without, such as bad food or exposure. 

 (See Enzootic, Epizootic.) 



Sprains may be briefly described as injuries to ligaments 

 or tendons, which cause swelling, heat, and tenderness. 

 Should there be a swelling, the seat of the sprain is, of 

 course, easy to discover, but occasionally a lump on some 

 part of the body, accompanied by pain, is mistaken for a 

 sprain, though it may actually be the result of a blow, or 



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