VICE — VICTORIA 



Vice. — The definition of vice in horses is not an easy 

 matter, especially as the evils in question are often associ- 

 ated with viciousness, whether correctly or otherwise it is 

 hard to say. Speaking generally, however, the main vices 

 which beset horses are bolting, crib-biting, jibbing, kicking in 

 harness and saddle, rearing, and wind-sucking, all of which 

 are referred to under their respective headings. 



Viciousness in a horse is frequently a source of positive 

 danger to his attendant and all others who come within 

 reach of his teeth or heels, as biting and kicking are the 

 chief forms in which it appears. It is pretty certain, too, 

 that biting at all events is a hereditary form of viciousness, 

 and all that can be done to check it is to condemn the 

 offender to the use of the muzzle ; whilst kickers may be 

 placed in an end stall, and their tails adorned by the red 

 ribbon, which is the badge of infamy in connection with them. 

 No sensible person will approach a strange horse carelessly, 

 and if he does so and gets hurt he has only himself to blame, 

 as sometimes the very quietest of animals, if suddenly 

 disturbed by a stranger, will let fly a heel or catch hold of 

 him with their teeth. Some horses, too, are perfect savages, 

 which delight in getting a man down, kneeling upon him, 

 and going as far as they can in the direction of worrying 

 him to death with their teeth. The only thing to do with 

 such animals is to blindfold them, and for this purpose the 

 use of the bluff is recommended, and they should never be 

 approached by any one who is unarmed with a stick. (See 

 Biting^ Bluffs Kicking^ 



Victoria is a four-wheeled carriage of the park phaeton 

 type of body, but has a panel driving seat added for the 

 coachman and groom ; the principal seat in the body is made 

 to carry two. It is sometimes fitted with a fold-up seat 

 facing the principal seats, and is made to turn up into the 

 body of the carriage when not in use. The first of these 

 carriages was of the cab-shape body, and was built for Her 



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