170 WHF.AT. 



The quantity of gluten ^ud albumen contained in these samples of 

 flour is much larger than that usually indicated ; I have given rea- 

 sons which explain, to a certain extent, this difference. I ought to 

 add, however, that the varieties of wheat, the flour of which was 

 analyzed, were all grown in the rich soil of the garden, a circum- 

 stance which, as Hermbstadt has shown, exerts the most powerfu 

 influence in increasing the quantity of gluten in wheat. 



It was already known, from the experiments of Tessier, that the 

 jjroportion of gluten in the same species of wheat might vary in the 

 raiio of from 12 to 36 percent, of the weight of the flour, according 

 to the nature of the soil and the quantity of manure. But it was 

 ilermbsladt who first made truly comparative observations on the 

 action of the excrements of different animals on the culture of the 

 cereals. 



The excrements made use of by this able cultivator in his inquiries 

 were always dried in the air at a ten)perature of 12.t° C. (51^° F ,) 

 and equal areas of the same soil were sown with equal weights of 

 winter wheat, and had a similar dose of manure of one kind or an- 

 other spread over thein. One hundred parts of the flour obtain »d 

 from wheat thus grown yielded : 



Bran, loluble mat- 

 Uluteii. S.trcli. ter aii>l moitiure. 



With human urine 35.1 39.3 25.6 



" hullock's blood 34-2 41-3 25.5 



" liumiin excri'tnenl 33.1 41.4 25.5 



" sheep's dung 22. l» 42.8 .34.3 



" coat's ditto 32.9 42.4 24.7 



" horse ditto 13.7 (U.fi 24-7 



" pigeon's ditto 12.2 63.2 24.6 



" cow's ditto 12-0 623 2.1.7 



Siiil not manured 9-2 66-7 24-1 



It is apparent, therefore, that in general, for the exception on) 

 refers to the pigeon's and the h(»rse dung, the wheal grown in groun 

 manured with the most highly azotizcd matters yields the Target 

 (pianiily of gluten. 



IJy way of addintj to and confirming these conclusions of Hermb 

 stiidt, I shall give llie results of an experiment of my own, made i- 

 1830, in which the same variety of wheat was grown in the opci 

 field, atid in garden ground very highlv manured. The grain wa. 

 analyze*! after having been dried at 110" C, (iSO" F..) and gave : 



Fmm tlie np»n fir!il. From the jfkrJ<n p-ouod. 



(^irhon 46.10 45. .SI 



Hydro;;en 5. MO 5-67 



Oxygtn 43.40 43.00 



Azoto 2.2!> 3.51 



Ashes 2.41 2.31 



100. (HI 100.00 



In the produce of the garden there wore 21.91 — very nearly 22 

 per cent, of gluten and albumen ; in that of the open fieKl no more 

 than 1-1.31 percent, of the same principles. 



Davy was of opinion that the wheal of warm climates was richer 

 ■ in azotized principles than that of temperate lands. Southern coun- 

 tries are known to produce harder, tourjiirr grain, the llonritf which 



