MAINTENANCE OF ANIMALS. 405 



The equivalent for the Swedish turnip adopted, had therefore been 

 too high ; the allowance was not sufficient. This led me to analyze 

 the article again ; and I discovered that the true equivalent of the 

 sample with which I was operating, was at least 676, and not 280 

 as I had presumed before. Indeed, in another experiment with the 

 same pair of horses where the equivalent of Swedish turnip was as- 

 sumed at 400, I found that though the animals kept up their weight 

 at the point to which it had fallen, they gained nothing ; whence it 

 may be safely inferred that the No. 400 was still too low, and that 

 the new equivalent 676 is nearer the truth. 

 EXPERIMENT IX. 



INTRODUCTION OF CARROTS INTO THE RATION. 



Horses are extremely fond of carrots*; and there is no root per- 

 haps, the nutritious qualities of which have been more vaunted or 

 exaggerated. Yet, analysis appears to indicate that 350 of carrot 

 are required to replace 100 of good meadow-hay. On one occasion, 

 in the stable at Bechelbronn, when the potato in one of our rations 

 was replaced by an equal weight of carrots, the effect was highly 

 disadvantageous ; and even in following the theoretical equivalent 

 of the carrot (350) we had still no reason to be perfectly satisfied. 

 I now believe, in fact, that as many as 400 of carrots may be found 

 requisite to replace 100 of good meadow-hay. 



The carrot crop of 1841 having been a failure, I had to limit my- 

 self to observations made on a single horse, which was put upon a 

 ration in which 11 lbs. of hay were replaced by 38.5 lbs. of carrots. 

 The horse, habituated to this diet. 



Weighed 1025.2 lbs. 



A fortnight after 1014.2 



Loss in a fortnight 11.0 



Nevertheless he remained in good condition, so that the equivalent 

 350 is probably not far from the truth. I ought to say, however, 

 that the men think this number too low ; an opinion in which they 

 would be borne out, could we but be certain that the loss of weight 

 of the horse just indicated was not accidental. 

 EXPERIMENT X. 



. BOILED RYE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR OATS. 



It has been stated, that rye boiled till the grain bursts may be 

 used as a substitute for an equal bulk of oats in the keep of a horse. 

 The experiment which I made on the point is very far from bearing 

 out any thing of the kind. By preliminary trials I had ascertained 

 that rye of good quality swells to twice its former bulk by boiling. 



The two horses that were made the subjects of experiment now, 

 had been kept for some time on a ration formed of : 



Hay 2.2 lbs. 



Oats 5..5 =3.8 pints. 



For the oats, the same quantity by measure, 8.8 pints of boiled 

 rye were substituted, containing 4.4 pints of raw grain, weighing 

 4.15 lbs. On the 11th day it was deemed prudent to interrupt the 

 experiment, of which the following are the results : 



