MTLCII-KINE. 



445 



the fifth year, there is a ring formed about the root of each horn ; in 

 the cow,' this ring- makes its appearance after the first calving, and 

 from this epoch there is a new ring formed each year, which pushes 

 on the former one. In aged animals these rings have become 

 faint, and can scarcely be counted. It is also evident that the horns 

 which, in early life, were thicker at the base, and tapered gradually 

 toAvards the tips, about the ninth or tenth year of the animal's life 

 present an opposite conformation ; they exhibit a kind of constriction 

 at the roots. The depression above the eye increases with age, and 

 the iiilse hooves become long and often bent. 



Thaer reckons that, one with another, in well-regulated establish- 

 m .^nts, cows will continue in milk for about 280 days, and yield in 

 all about 22G5 pints, or 283 gallons. But it is certain, that the yield- 

 ing of a cow varies greatly with circumstances, race, age, climate, 

 and individual. The cows that graze at liberty in South America, 

 do not give more than about three pints of milk per diem ; which, as 

 it is almost wholly used in bringing up the calf, the dairy is there 

 of very little importance. In established farms, a cow is reckoned 

 to yield about 40 lbs. of cheese per annum. Mr. Curwen estimates 

 the quantity of milk at 6580 pints, or 822 gallons, per cow ; M. Per- 

 rault states it at but 2992 pints, or 374 gallons ; and Mr. Low gives 

 the quantity at 5994 pints, or 7491 gallons. The differences between 

 these several quantities are obviously enormous, and can scarcely 

 be reconciled with any conceivable diversity of circumstances. 

 They are probably connected with the method taken to ascertain the 

 quantities. 



The following table comprises the whole of the statements with 

 which I am acquainted. 



Authorities. 



France : La Feuillasse [Ain] 

 Louiprics [Ain I . . . . 



Roville [Mearthe] 



Lyonnais [montagnes] 

 Bachelbronn [Bas-Rhin] 



England 



Do. 



Belgium : Antwerp 



Do 



Holland : Low countries — 



Do 



Canipine .. 



Saxony : Meissen ... 



Altenburg 



Austria: Carinthia 



Prussia : Moeglin 



Neighborhood of Berlin 



Switzerland — 



Hofifwyll - . . 



P. de Jotemps. 



D'Angeville. 



Do Doinbasle. 



Grognior. 



Eel & Boussinf 



Low 



jCurwen 



iScbwertz. 



Schwartz. 



Schwertz. 



'Alton. 



Schwertz. 



Schweitzer. 



Schmalz. 



Burger. 



Thaer. 



Thaer. 



D'Angeville. 



D'Angeviile. 



'lt.l 



j lbs. lbs. pts. 

 88o! 27.5 2992 

 605 14.31610 

 22.02492 

 " |1284 

 33.0| " 



Observations. 



pts. Cows 

 8.2 In the house 



28.6 6580' 

 27.2 4495 

 27.2 3967. 

 " ,3400! 

 " 7066' 

 » 9318 

 18.6 26S7| 

 ' j 30.8 3412: 

 5| " 2752; 

 122.0 2648, 

 1 "j 27.5 30041 

 11036 " 2992; 

 !l320' 33.5 4685 



16.2 



17.8 

 12.3 



Do 

 Do, 



Ill-fed in winter 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. [house. 

 10.9 At grass & in the 



9.2iln liouse, winter 

 19.4 

 26.51 

 17.3,Kept in house. 



9.2| 



7.5 Well fed. 



7-2 Kept in house. 



8.2 



8.2| Do. 

 12.8. Well fed. 



At Bechelbronn we have seven cows whose allowance per head 

 is 33 lbs. of hay per diem. The milk is measured night and morn- 

 38 



