224 



THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF MAN 



Abstainers' Advantace 



In a Championship Walking Match 



MATCH HELD AT KIEL, GERMANY, 1908 



59 Non-Abstainers, 24 Abstainers Entered 

 Contestants Entering Match 



Kon- Abstainers 71% Abstainers 29% 



Percentage of Prizes Won 



By \nn- Abstainers 40% By Abstainers 60% 



Of First 25 to Reach Coal 



system. The part of the brain which superintends the 

 heart is located in the medulla, where a special cluster of 

 cells sends out nerve fibers which enter the heart nerve. 

 These nerve cells are called the heart center. 



The next nerve center to begin work is the breathing 

 center, located close to the heart center, which controls the 

 breathing. This does not become active until after birth. 

 About a year after birth, several more nerve centers be- 

 come active in the child's brain. These are the ones which 



help him to walk. The cere- 

 bellum contains nerve cen- 

 ters which play an important 

 part in walking and in learn- 

 ing to balance. The muscles 

 which move the arms and 

 legs are regulated by nerve 

 centers in the cerebrum. 



Soon after the child learns 

 to walk, he begins to talk 

 and learn words. The sev- 

 eral nerve centers which now 

 become active are all located 

 in the cerebrum. These are 

 the nerve cells which are 

 necessary in speaking, hear- 

 ing, reading, and writing 

 words. 



After fifteen years of age 

 the brain goes through important structural changes and 

 the young person begins to do difficult tasks well. It is 

 difficult to locate the exact spots in the cerebrum where the 

 nerve centers are that now become active, for they are 

 widely distributed. These nerve centers may be called 

 the efficiency centers and they are the last to develop. But 



Failed to Reach Coal 



94% were Non- Abstainers 6% were Abstainers 



Abstainers won 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 8th Places. 

 Xon-Abstainers, 5th, 0th, Tth Places. 



Figure 234. 



