HABITAT 



381 



are separated slightly. 

 Then the scales close 

 together, the cones turn 

 downward, and con- 

 tinue to grow for sev- 

 eral months (Figures 

 407-410). 



Fruit. — During the 

 next year, the pollen 

 grains which are shut 

 up inside the scales 



Figure 414. 



Waste Land in Pennsyl- 

 vania. 



The year previous to the taking of this 

 grow into pollen tubes photograph this land was covered with a 

 t c ,.-,. ,, virgin forest as shown in Figure 411. 



and fertilize the egg Logging has been followed by fire, which 



destroyed the humus and much of the 

 surface soil, making the tract a barren 

 waste upon which it will be impossible 

 to grow another such forest for many 

 years. Pennsylvania alone has several 

 millions of acres of such waste land 

 covered formerly by splendid virgin forest. 



cells which develop in 

 the ovules. From the 

 fertilized e^ors the em- 

 bryo pines develop. 

 When the cones are 



about two years old the 

 scales open, and allow the seeds to drop out. Bach seed 

 is provided with a wing by which it is blown about, for 



the pine depends <>n the 

 wind to Bcatter its seeds 



as well as its pollen. 



Because 1 1 ds li<" on 



the scale without being 



Inclosed in an <»\ av\ . all 



these plants are called 

 gymno9p< rm% < ( rreek, 



gymnoS) naked : >/" mt<u 

 -■••■(I >. 

 268. Habitat — The 



Figure 415. — Waste Land. 



After the fire had passed over the region evergreens ? row m 

 shown in Figure 413. - 1 1 1 < 1 \ soil in temperate 



