RELATED FORMS OF CONIFERS 



383 



or in cold climates, but ;i lew <>f them occur where it 

 is very warm. The finest evergreen forests in the world 

 are found in the western part of North America, on the 

 slopes facing the Pacific Ocean. 



269. Related Forms of Conifers. — • Hemlocks, spra . firs, 

 and balsams have smaller, flatter needles than the pines 

 and they are not arranged in bundles. Cedars have scale- 

 like leaves. Larch and cypress trees shed their Leaves in 

 the fall, but in other respects are much like the pin 



FIELD STUDY OF GYMNOSPERMS 



Most of the work in connection with gymnosperma Bhould \«- d 

 out of doors. The student Bhould learn to know by Bight all tin- local 

 native evergreens and those commonly planted for ornament. He Bhould 

 note the method of branching and the character of the trunk compared 

 with other trees. He should observe the position <»f the cones on tin- 

 branches and be able to give the reasons therefor. In the spring he 

 should look for the male and female cones or strobili, and for leaf buds in 

 the winter. He should examine the leaf sears and the external ru 

 which mark a year's growth, and decide how many years each tree k< • 

 its leaves. He should note the arrangement of the haves on the brand] 

 the annual rings in the wood and their relation to the grain of the wood, 

 the resin on wounds, the curvature of the branches, and the other : 

 tures readily observed. 



STUDENT REPORT 



