XI] PLANT BASES 177 



Hyoscy amine occurs in the Henbane {Hyoscyamus niger), H. 

 muticus and also in the Mandrake (Mandragora), 



Erythroxylaceae: Cocaine and tropacocaine occur in Coca leaves 



{Ej'ythroxylon Coca) together with smaller quantities of allied alkaloids. 



Cocaine has the formula: 



H OCOCgHs 



\/ 

 C 



/\ 

 CHo CHCOOCH3 



i " I 

 CH CH 



\/ 

 NCH< 



Punicaceae : Pelletierine and other allied alkaloids occur in the root 

 and stem of the Pomegranate Tree (Punica Granatum). 



Leguminosae: Sparteine occurs in the Broom (Spartium scoparium): 

 lupinine in the yellow and black Lupins {Lupinus luteus and L. niger) 

 and cytisine in the Laburnum (Cytisus Laburnum). 



4. The quinoline alkaloids. 



These are derivatives of quinoline. (Quinoline is a colourless liquid 

 which boils at 239° C.) Its constitution is: 



CH CH 



/'\/\ 

 CH C CH 



I II I 



CH C CH 



\/\^ 

 CH N 



Quinoline 



These alkaloids form two natural groups, (a) the cinchona alkaloids, 

 i.e. quinine, cinchonine and allied forms, and (6) the strychnine alkaloids, 

 i.e. strychnine and brucine. 



Quinine occurs in the bark of various species of the genus Cinchona 

 (Rubiaceae) which are trees, originally natives of S. America, but now 

 cultivated on a large scale in Ceylon, Java and India. The species 

 employed are C. Calisaya, Ledgeriana, officinalis, succirubra. The yellow 

 bark of Calisaya has the highest percentage, i.e. 12 7o. of alkaloid. 



Quinine is a white solid which crystallizes in long needles containing 

 water of crystallization. It is very slightly soluble in cold water, more 



12 



