44 O F M A N U R E S. Part I. 



Let fome fmith in your neighbourhood, who is a ready workman, 

 make a hollow plow-fhare, of a double form, that is, one which 

 rifes with a fharp edge in the middle, from the point to the top, 

 and has ■s^ fin both ways ; which fins muft alfo begin at the point, 

 and fo run back to the fhare end. The dimenfions of this fhare will 

 be two feet broad, from the extreme points of the fins behind ; one 

 foot long, and a foot high, fomewhat like a three-edg'd fword, if it 

 were cut off a little above the point. The three fins, or edges, muft 

 be very well fteel'd, and the whole made as thin, and as, fmooth, 

 as you can get it done. — Into the hollow of this fhare muft be 

 faftened a light ftrong piece of afh, fharpen'd /or7y,^r^, to fit the 

 bofom of the Ihare, but bclmtd, as fquare and fturdy as may be. 

 Into this laft part muft be fix'd a ftrong piece of wood, like a lever, 

 not perpendicular, but fomewhat hanging backv.^ard. It muft be 

 about two feet high j and on the upper end, fliould have a crofs 

 ftafi\, or other contrivance, to which muft be faften'd the harnefs of 

 fuch cattle as your team confifts of. The handles of the plough, and 

 the earth-boards to turn the turf, are alfo fix'd into this fquare head^ 

 and there is no other inftrudlion necefifary for the ufe of this plow, 

 but that, when you begin upon the edge of a field, and turn one 

 turf to the hedge, and the other to the field, the laft will cover one 

 of the breadths you muft take at your coming back, and the point 

 of your fliare muft, therefore, run dole along the edge of this length 

 of turf; by which means one fide of your plough will raife two 

 lengths, and, throwing back the highell, lay that uppermoft-, which 

 had before lain under. By this one obfervation, you cannot mifs 

 the manner of plowing. 



But, as this would only raife a long unwieldly rope of turf, which 

 it would be neceffary to cut into many hundred pieces, before it 

 would be fit for pU'mg, you will find the following invention of 

 admirable ufe and expedition. 



Chufe the body of a fliort thick tree ; the heavier, and more folid, 

 the better :' let it be neatly rounded, and work'd into a roller, like 

 thofe that are ufed for levelling barley lands. This roller muft be 

 hoop'd round, in fix feveral places, each two feet diftant from ano- 

 ther : the hoops muft be of ftrong iron, and naild very firmly on. 



The middle part of every one of thefe hoops muft rife into an 



edge, to about five or fix inches above the level of the hoop itfelf : 

 thefe edges muft be very ftiarp, ftrong, and well fteel'd, that the 

 -weight of the roller, as it goes round, may not fail to prefs them 



all 



