Chap.XII. FOR MAKING WINE 419 



may always remain fome wine, to keep the cafk full, as the wiae 

 therein evaporates and fubfides. 



The reverend Dr. Hales has greatly improved this tube, by mak- 

 ing it double, viz. by having within the outer tube, which he directs 

 to be made two feet long and of about two inches bore, and to be 

 fixed in the bung-hole by a pewter focket clofely cemented, another 

 fmaller tube, of about half an inch bore. The lower tube fhould 

 always be kept about half full of wine, which will fupply the vefTel 

 as the wine therein fhall fubfidej and there will be no room left in 

 the upper part of the veflel, to contain any generated air, which 

 will pafs off through the upper fmall tube, which muft always be 

 left open for this purpofe. As the wine in the lower tube fublides, 

 it may be re-fiUed by introducing a flender funnel through the fmall 

 tube, down to the fcum upon the furface of the wine in the larger 

 tube, fo as to prevent its being broken by the wine falling too 

 violently upon it. Dr. Hales adds, that if this experiment is tried 

 with glafs tubes, it will give an opportunity to obferve what impref- 

 flon the different ftates of the air have upon the wine, by its rifing 

 or falling in the tubes : and if that fucceeds, it may afterwards be 

 done with wooden or metal tubes, which will not be in danger of 

 breaking. 



After the wine, and particularly that of countries where the fun 

 is not very powerful, has paffed its fermentation in the vat, and is 

 drawn off into the cafks, it will require fomething to feed upon. 

 To this end, it will be right always to preferve a few bunches of the 

 beft grapes, which may be hung up in a room till there be occafion 

 for them ; when they iliould be picked off the ftalks, and two or 

 three good handfuls put into each cafk, according to its fize. 



The larger the calks are, the greater ftrength the wine contained 

 in them will acquire j and confequently it will be thelefs in danger 

 of fuffering from the injuries of the weather. 



Hhh2 A PRAC- 



