172 ETHNOGRAPHY. 



tion would evidently be "sea-wind," and this is, no doubt, the true 

 meaning of tokelau. At the Navigator and Tonga Islands, the open 

 sea lies to the east ; at Tahiti, it is to the northwest ; at the Mar- 

 quesas to the north, and at the Sandwich Islands, the natives had 

 traditions of the existence of islands to the southeast, south, and south- 

 west ; they therefore gave the name of toolau to the opposite portion 

 of the horizon. The first part of the word, toke or toe, in most of the 

 Polynesian dialects, signifies cold or chilling. In New Zealand liau- 

 toke, " cold air," is winter. Toke-lau may therefore be rendered 

 " coolness from the sea," an expression which applies very well to 

 this wind at all the islands. 



Malangai seems to be the proper name for the trade-wind. This 

 is its signification in Rarotongan, Mangarevan, Tahitian, and Ha- 

 waiian. In the first two it becomes marangai, and in the last ma- 

 lanai. The Tahitian had formerly maraai, which has been changed 

 to maraamu by a singular principle, for which see the Grammar, 

 81. In Samoan and Tongan this word is not used, its place being 

 supplied by tokelau. In New Zealand, where there are no trades, it 

 is still applied to the wind from the east. 



NUMERALS. 



A peculiarity of some of the numerals in the eastern dialects of 

 Polynesia supplies us with a strong confirmation of the views ex- 

 pressed respecting the emigration of the Hawaiians from Tahiti, by 

 way of Nukuhiva. By referring to the Grammar, 31, it will be 

 seen that several of the higher numbers, such as tekau, ran, memo, 

 which properly signify, ten, hundred, thousand, have acquired, in the 

 Tahitian, Rarotongan, and Mangarevan, the meaning of twenty, two 

 hundred, two thousand. The probable origin of this change is there 

 explained, and need not be repeated here. In Hawaiian all these 

 words are again doubled, and stand for forty, four hundred, and four 

 thousand. Tauna is the unit of this quaternary system, and may be 

 rendered one quadruple, using this term in a corresponding sense to 

 couple. At the Marquesas there are different methods for the two 

 clusters which compose that group. In the southern or Tahuatan 

 cluster, in counting large objects they begin with tahi, one, and thence 

 proceed to onohuu, ten, takau, twenty ; au, two hundred, &c. For 

 small objects, as fish and most kinds of fruit, they begin with tauna, 

 a couple, whence takau, ten couples, au, one hundred couples, &c., 



