OCEANIC MIGRATIONS. 173 



being in fact the same as the former, with the omission of onohuu. 

 For breadfruit they reckon by pona (knots), of four each, in which 

 case takau stands for ten ponas (i. e. forty, as in Hawaiian) ; au should 

 properly be one hundred ponas, but for some unknown reason they 

 have inserted a term tauau for this number, and use au to express 

 two tauaus, i. e. eight hundred ponas ; mano is ten aus or eight thou- 

 sand ponas. From this it will be seen how far they have departed 

 from the original decimal system. In the northern or Nukuhivan 

 cluster, in counting all objects, large or small, except breadfruit, they 

 begin with tahi, one, and proceed to onohuu, ten, takau, (or, accord- 

 ing to some, tikau,} twenty, taufa (or toha], forty, au, four hundred, 

 mano, four thousand, &c. For breadfruit, they use the pona, or 

 " knot," and reckon taufa, ten knots, au, one hundred knots, &c. 

 The Hawaiian system has evidently been formed by combining both 

 of the Marquesan methods. It takes the fauna or pair of the Tahu- 

 atan, doubles its value, and makes it the basis of enumeration, like 

 the pona used for breadfruit. Ta'au (for takau), signifies ten tauna, 

 or forty, and is used in counting fish, while tanahd, answering to 

 taufa, is used for the same number in counting other objects, and 

 above this, all the numbers are the same as in Nukuhivan. 



The Nukuhivan numerals also afford some evidence of their deriva- 

 tion from the Tongan. The word for ten, onohuu, is the form which 

 the Tongan ongofulu would take in this dialect. Tikau, used at 

 Nukuhiva instead of the Tahuatan takau, is probably a corruption 

 of the Tongan tekau. Langsdorf, who was at Nukuhiva with Kru- 

 senstern, in 1804, gives for ten, ongofulu, for twenty, itua-fulu, for 

 thirty, tolu-ongofulu, for one hundred, tehau, and for one thousand, 

 afei. These are so near the Tongan terms that, but for the acknow- 

 ledged accuracy of that writer, we might suspect them to have been 

 derived from a native of the Friendly Islands, and inserted in the 

 Marquesan vocabulary by mistake. The use of the I is also a 

 remarkable circumstance, for though the Nukuhivans sometimes 

 employ this sound (or that of r), yet Langsdorf gives no other example 

 of it in his list of words. It is possible that Cabri, the French sailor, 

 from whom he derived much of his information, had previously been 

 at Tonga, and acquired the numerals of that dialect; and finding 

 them so nearly like those of the Nukuhivan as to be readily under- 

 stood there, had riot taken the trouble to change them. 



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