NORTHWESTERNAMERICA. 201 



2. Several kinds of fruits and berries are found, at certain seasons, 

 in great abundance, and offer another cause for a temporary change 

 of place. 



3. At a particular period of the year, the salmon ascend the river 

 to deposit their spawn, and then the Indians assemble in great 

 numbers on the banks of the streams, for the purpose of taking them. 

 Two months afterwards, the fish appear again, floating in an ex- 

 hausted condition down the current, and though by no means so 

 agreeable for food, are yet taken in large quantities, principally for 

 winter stores. These two seasons of fishing are the occasion of two 

 removals. 



4. The tribes of the interior depend, in part, for their clothing, on 

 the buffalo skins which they obtain, either by barter or by hunting. 

 And for both these purposes it is necessary for them to visit the region 

 near the foot of the Rocky Mountains, frequented by that animal. 

 This, however, does not, except with some of the Shoshonees, give 

 rise to a general removal of the tribe, but merely an expedition of the 

 principal men, their families being left, in the mean time, encamped 

 in some place of safety. 



The tribes near the coast remove less frequently than those of the 

 interior. Some of them spend the summer on the sea-shore, and the 

 winter in a sheltered nook on the banks of an inland stream. Others 

 do not change their place of residence at all ; but at the approach of 

 summer, they take down the heavy planks of which their winter 

 habitations are made, bury them in the ground, where they will be 

 out of the way of injury, and having put up a temporary dwelling of 

 bark, brushwood, and matting, feel no apprehensions at leaving it for 

 two or three weeks at a time, to fish, hunt, collect roots, and gather 

 fruit. 



To these general descriptions it will be proper to add a more 

 particular account of those tribes, of whose idioms we have been able 

 to obtain vocabularies. We shall take them in the order in which 

 they stand in the Synopsis. 



1. THE TAHKALI-UMKWA FAMILY. 

 A. TAHKALI OR CARRIERS. 



The country of the Tahkali (or Tacullies) includes the region north 

 of the Oregon Territory, termed by the English New Caledonia. It 



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