204 ETHNOGRAPHY. 



the widow is released from her state of servitude, and allowed to 

 marry again. 



The Carriers are not a warlike people, though they sometimes have 

 quarrels with their neighbors, particularly the tribes of the coast. 

 But these are usually appeased without much difficulty. 



The Sikani, though speaking a language of the same family, differ 

 widely from the Tahkali, in their character and customs. They live 

 a wandering life, and subsist by the chase. They are a brave, hardy, 

 and active people, cleanly in their persons and habits, and, in general, 

 agreeing nearly with the usual idea of an American Indian. They 

 bury their dead, and have none of the customs of the Tahkali with 

 respect to them. 



B. a. TLATSKANAI. b. KWALHIOQUA. 



These are two small isolated bands, neither of them comprising 

 more than a hundred individuals, who roam in the mountains on each 

 side of the Columbia, near its mouth, the former on the north, and 

 the latter on the south side. They are separated from the river, and 

 from one another, by the Chinooks. They build no permanent 

 habitations, but wander in the woods, subsisting on game, berries, and 

 roots. As might be expected, they are somewhat more bold and 

 hardy than the tribes on the river and coast, and, at the same time, 

 more wild and savage. 



C. UMKWA, OR UMPQUAS. 



The Umkrva inhabit the upper part of the river of that name, 

 having the Kalapuya on the north, the Lutuami (Clamets), on the 

 east, and the Sainstkla between them and the sea. They are sup- 

 posed to number, at present, not more than four hundred, having 

 been greatly reduced by disease. They live in houses of boards and 

 mats, and derive their subsistence, in great part, from the river. 

 Two, whom I saw, differed but little from the Kalapuya, except that 

 they had not the head flattened. One of them had reached the 

 Columbia through the Tlatskanai country, and it appeared that a 

 connexion of some kind existed between the two tribes. 



2. D. KITUNAHA, OR COUTANIES, OR FLAT-BOWS. 

 This is a small tribe of about four hundred people, who wander in 



